Stable and High-Energy-Density Zn-Ion Rechargeable Batteries Based on a MoS2-Coated Zn Anode
21 May 2020-ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (American Chemical Society)-Vol. 12, Iss: 24, pp 27249-27257
TL;DR: A unique 2D MoS2 coating on Zn anode using an electrochemical deposition method has been developed for preventing dendrite growth and intricate side reactions and improves the overall battery performance.
Abstract: Recently, aqueous Zn-ion rechargeable batteries have drawn increasing research attention as an alternative energy storage system relative to the current Li-ion batteries due to their intrinsic properties of high safety, low cost, and high theoretical volumetric capacity. Nevertheless, unwanted dendrite growth on the Zn anode and unstable cathode materials restrict their practical application. In this study, a unique 2D MoS2 coating on a Zn anode using an electrochemical deposition method has been developed for preventing dendrite growth and intricate side reactions. The coated MoS2 layer is a vertically oriented structure that makes the flow of Zn ions easy with a uniform electric field distribution on the anode, resulting in a uniform stripping and plating of Zn2+. In addition, the MoS2 coating enhances anodic diffusion of Zn ions and reduces the series resistance as confirmed by EIS analysis and therefore improves the overall battery performance. The full cell assembled with the MoS2-Zn anode and MnO2 cathode exhibits an excellent reversible specific capacity of 638 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g and stable cycle performance over 2000 cycles with no dendrite formation at the Zn electrode. The presented MoS2 coating on Zn is a facile, scalable, and promising technology for practical Zn-ion batteries with a long life cycle and high safety.
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TL;DR: In-situ spontaneously reducing/assembling strategy to assemble a thin and uniform MXene layer on the surface of Zn anode exhibits obviously low voltage hysteresis and excellent cycling stability with dendrite-free behaviors, ensuring the high capacity retention and low polarization potential in zinc-ion batteries.
Abstract: Metallic zinc is a promising anode candidate of aqueous zinc-ion batteries owing to its high theoretical capacity and low redox potential. However, Zn anodes usually suffer from dendrite and side reactions, which will degrade their cycle stability and reversibility. Herein, we developed an in situ spontaneously reducing/assembling strategy to assemble a ultrathin and uniform MXene layer on the surface of Zn anodes. The MXene layer endows the Zn anode with a lower Zn nucleation energy barrier and a more uniformly distributed electric field through the favorable charge redistribution effect in comparison with pure Zn. Therefore, MXene-integrated Zn anode exhibits obviously low voltage hysteresis and excellent cycling stability with dendrite-free behaviors, ensuring the high capacity retention and low polarization potential in zinc-ion batteries.
397 citations
TL;DR: A polyacrylonitrile coating layer on a zinc anode produced by a simple drop coating approach to address the dendrite issue is reported, providing a solid basis for application of aqueous rechargeable Zn batteries.
Abstract: Aqueous rechargeable zinc-metal-based batteries are an attractive alternative to lithium-ion batteries for grid-scale energy-storage systems because of their high specific capacity, low cost, eco-friendliness, and nonflammability. However, uncontrollable zinc dendrite growth limits the cycle life by piercing the separator, resulting in low zinc utilization in both alkaline and mild/neutral electrolytes. Herein, a polyacrylonitrile coating layer on a zinc anode produced by a simple drop coating approach to address the dendrite issue is reported. The coating layer not only improves the hydrophilicity of the zinc anode but also regulates zinc-ion transport, consequently facilitating the uniform deposition of zinc ions to avoid dendrite formation. A symmetrical cell with the polymer-coating-layer-modified Zn anode displays dendrite-free plating/stripping with a long cycle lifespan (>1100 h), much better than that of the bare Zn anode. The modified zinc anode coupled with a Mn-doped V2 O5 cathode forms a stable rechargeable full battery. This method is a facile and feasible way to solve the zinc dendrite problem for rechargeable aqueous zinc-metal batteries, providing a solid basis for application of aqueous rechargeable Zn batteries.
198 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an artificial interface film of nitrogen-doped graphene oxide (NGO) is synthesized by a Langmuir-Blodgett method to achieve a parallel and ultrathin interface modification layer (≈120 nm) on Zn foil.
Abstract: Owing to the high volumetric capacity and low redox potential, zinc (Zn) metal is considered to be a remarkably prospective anode for aqueous Zn-ion batteries (AZIBs). However, dendrite growth severely destabilizes the electrode/electrolyte interface, and accelerates the generation of side reactions, which eventually degrade the electrochemical performance. Here, an artificial interface film of nitrogen (N)-doped graphene oxide (NGO) is one-step synthesized by a Langmuir-Blodgett method to achieve a parallel and ultrathin interface modification layer (≈120 nm) on Zn foil. The directional deposition of Zn crystal in the (002) planes is revealed because of the parallel graphene layer and beneficial zincophilic-traits of the N-doped groups. Meanwhile, through the in situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry and in situ Raman tests, the directional plating morphology of metallic Zn at the interface effectively suppresses the hydrogen evolution reactions and passivation. Consequently, the pouch cells pairing this new anode with LiMn2 O4 cathode maintain exceptional energy density (164 Wh kg-1 after 178 cycles) at a reasonable depth of discharge, 36%. This work provides an accessible synthesis method and in-depth mechanistic analysis to accelerate the application of high-specific-energy AZIBs.
191 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a spin-coating method is used to uniformly coat a commercial and solvent-free cyanoacrylate adhesive (502 glue) on the Zn surface.
169 citations
References
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TL;DR: The battery systems reviewed here include sodium-sulfur batteries that are commercially available for grid applications, redox-flow batteries that offer low cost, and lithium-ion batteries whose development for commercial electronics and electric vehicles is being applied to grid storage.
Abstract: The increasing interest in energy storage for the grid can be attributed to multiple factors, including the capital costs of managing peak demands, the investments needed for grid reliability, and the integration of renewable energy sources. Although existing energy storage is dominated by pumped hydroelectric, there is the recognition that battery systems can offer a number of high-value opportunities, provided that lower costs can be obtained. The battery systems reviewed here include sodium-sulfur batteries that are commercially available for grid applications, redox-flow batteries that offer low cost, and lithium-ion batteries whose development for commercial electronics and electric vehicles is being applied to grid storage.
11,144 citations
TL;DR: This work exemplifies the evolution of structural parameters in layered materials in changing from the three-dimensional to the two-dimensional regime by characterized by Raman spectroscopy.
Abstract: Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) of single- and few-layer thickness was exfoliated on SiO2/Si substrate and characterized by Raman spectroscopy. The number of S−Mo−S layers of the samples was independently determined by contact-mode atomic force microscopy. Two Raman modes, E12g and A1g, exhibited sensitive thickness dependence, with the frequency of the former decreasing and that of the latter increasing with thickness. The results provide a convenient and reliable means for determining layer thickness with atomic-level precision. The opposite direction of the frequency shifts, which cannot be explained solely by van der Waals interlayer coupling, is attributed to Coulombic interactions and possible stacking-induced changes of the intralayer bonding. This work exemplifies the evolution of structural parameters in layered materials in changing from the three-dimensional to the two-dimensional regime.
3,969 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate a highly reversible zinc/manganese oxide system in which optimal mild aqueous ZnSO4-based solution is used as the electrolyte, and nanofibres of a manganese oxide phase, α-MnO2, are used as a cathode.
Abstract: Rechargeable aqueous batteries such as alkaline zinc/manganese oxide batteries are highly desirable for large-scale energy storage owing to their low cost and high safety; however, cycling stability is a major issue for their applications. Here we demonstrate a highly reversible zinc/manganese oxide system in which optimal mild aqueous ZnSO4-based solution is used as the electrolyte, and nanofibres of a manganese oxide phase, α-MnO2, are used as the cathode. We show that a chemical conversion reaction mechanism between α-MnO2 and H+ is mainly responsible for the good performance of the system. This includes an operating voltage of 1.44 V, a capacity of 285 mAh g−1 (MnO2), and capacity retention of 92% over 5,000 cycles. The Zn metal anode also shows high stability. This finding opens new opportunities for the development of low-cost, high-performance rechargeable aqueous batteries. Rechargeable aqueous batteries are attractive owing to their relatively low cost and safety. Here the authors report an aqueous zinc/manganese oxide battery that operates via a conversion reaction mechanism and exhibits a long-term cycling stability.
1,965 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a vanadium oxide bronze was used as the positive electrode for a Zn cell with reversible intercalation of Zn ions in a layered Zn0.25V2O5⋅nH2O-based positive electrode.
Abstract: Although non-aqueous Li-ion batteries possess significantly higher energy density than their aqueous counterparts, the latter can be more feasible for grid-scale applications when cost, safety and cycle life are taken into consideration. Moreover, aqueous Zn-ion batteries have an energy storage advantage over alkali-based batteries as they can employ Zn metal as the negative electrode, dramatically increasing energy density. However, their development is plagued by a limited choice of positive electrodes, which often show poor rate capability and inadequate cycle life. Here we report a vanadium oxide bronze pillared by interlayer Zn2+ ions and water (Zn0.25V2O5⋅nH2O), as the positive electrode for a Zn cell. A reversible Zn2+ ion (de)intercalation storage process at fast rates, with more than one Zn2+ per formula unit (a capacity up to 300 mAh g−1), is characterized. The Zn cell offers an energy density of ∼450 Wh l−1 and exhibits a capacity retention of more than 80% over 1,000 cycles, with no dendrite formation at the Zn electrode. High-performing positive electrode materials are crucial for the development of aqueous Zn-ion batteries. Here the authors report a battery based on reversible intercalation of Zn ions in a layered Zn0.25V2O5⋅nH2O-based positive electrode, which exhibits high-capacity and long-term cycling stability.
1,948 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the recent progress in 2D materials beyond graphene and includes mainly transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) (e.g., MoS2, WS2, MoSe2, and WSe2).
1,728 citations