Stable isotopes in precipitation
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...These are the lines inδ-space whose formula isδ(D) = 8δ(18O)+ d, where d has been named the “deuterium excess” parameter by Dansgaard (1964); obviously the GMWL (Craig 1961b) is one such meteoric water line with d= 10‰....
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...Since these usually constitute the isotopically most enriched part of the rain [corresponding to the amount effect of Dansgaard (1964)], this selection process introduces a negative bias that cancels the signature of the evaporation process....
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...On the other hand, as shown in Figure 8, the evaporated moisture’s isotope composition is characterized by larger d-excess value, so that the precipitation derived from an air mass into which the reevaporated moisture is admixed is also characterized by a large d-excess (Dansgaard 1964)....
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...Indeed, to a good approximation the depletion in isotopic composition in precipitation correlates well with the near-ground temperature, as shown by Dansgaard (1964) and Yurtsever (1975), or more precisely with the temperature at the cloud base (Rindsberger & Magaritz 1983)....
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...Although the differential form of the Rayleigh equation (Equation 1a) still applies, the integration obviously has to be carried out for a prescribed change ofα throughout the process [as was first demonstrated by Dansgaard (1964)]....
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