Standard setting at the cutting edge : an evidence-based typology for multistakeholder initiatives
01 Sep 2009-pp 84-112
About: The article was published on 2009-09-01. It has received 16 citations till now.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the transnational evidence base for three global public sector governance MSIs (the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, the Construction Sector Transparency Initiative and the Open Government Partnership) and investigated their implementation within and across three shared national contexts (Guatemala, the Philippines, and Tanzania) to determine whether and how these initiatives lead to improvements in proactive transparency (i.e., discretionary release of government data), demand-driven transparency, and accountability).
Abstract: Multi-stakeholder initiatives (i.e., partnerships between governments, civil society, and the private sector) are an increasingly prevalent strategy promoted by multilateral, bilateral, and nongovernmental development organizations for addressing weaknesses in public sector governance. Global public sector governance MSIs seek to make national governments more transparent and accountable by setting shared standards for information disclosure and multi-stakeholder collaboration. However, research on similar interventions implemented at the national or subnational level suggests that the effectiveness of these initiatives is likely to be mediated by a variety of socio-political factors. This dissertation examines the transnational evidence base for three global public sector governance MSIs—the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, the Construction Sector Transparency Initiative, and the Open Government Partnership—and investigates their implementation within and across three shared national contexts—Guatemala, the Philippines, and Tanzania—in order to determine whether and how these initiatives lead to improvements in proactive transparency (i.e., discretionary release of government data), demand-driven transparency (i.e., reforms that increase access to government information upon request), and accountability (i.e., the extent to which government officials are compelled to publicly explain their actions and/or face penalties or sanction for them), as well as the extent to which they provide participating governments with an opportunity to project a public image of transparency and accountability, while maintaining questionable practices in these areas (i.e., openwashing). The evidence suggests that global public sector governance MSIs often facilitate gains in proactive transparency by national governments, but that improvements in demand-driven transparency and accountability remain relatively rare. Qualitative comparative analysis reveals that a combination of multi-stakeholder power sharing and civil society capacity is sufficient to drive improvements in proactive transparency, while the absence of visible, high-level political support is sufficient to impede such reforms. The lack of demand-driven transparency or accountability gains suggests that national-level coalitions forged by global MSIs are often too narrow to successfully advocate for broader improvements to public sector governance. Moreover, evidence for openwashing was found in one-third of cases, suggesting that national governments sometimes use global MSIs to deliberately mislead international observers and domestic stakeholders about their commitment to reform.%%%%International relations%%%%Public policy%%%%Political science%%%%global action networks, good governance, multi-stakeholder initiatives, social accountability, soft power, transparency%%%%School of International Service%%%%Degree Awarded: Ph.D. School of International Service. American University
26 citations
Cites background from "Standard setting at the cutting edg..."
...Similarly, Koechlin and Calland (2009, p. 91) have identified five non-exclusive functions for MSIs: dialogue forum, institution building, rule setting, rule implementation, and rule monitoring. Finally, Palazzo and Scherer (2010) differentiate between four levels of increasing engagement with target actors (see Table 2....
[...]
...1.1.1.4 Strategic focus on transparency and accountability MSIs utilize a variety of different strategies to address weaknesses in public and private sector governance (see Waddell & Khagram, 2007; Koechlin & Calland, 2009; Palazzo & Scherer, 2010; Waddell, 2011; and Beisheim & Liese, 2014)....
[...]
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the experience of EITI implementation in Ghana's oil industry and highlight the negative effects of Ghana's inherent winner-takes-all politics on oil governance and the limits of technocratic reforms in altering elite incentives in resource-rich countries.
25 citations
01 Aug 2011
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the journey of norms in development, from emergence to implementation, and identify effective strategies for norms to take root and make part of the global and domestic agendas and limits.
Abstract: Norms in development are typically established at the global level to solve complex development challenges on the ground. These norms are standards of expected behavior about how things ought to be conducted and are deemed crucial for societies to flourish. Global norms, however, often fail to successfully diffuse to local contexts. The author intend to argue in this report that many initiatives are effective in putting norms on the global agenda, but few of these norms lead to transformational change on the ground because of cultural and political economy challenges that were not considered in the norm formation or in the advocacy campaign process. Nonetheless, there are lessons to consider that could lead to more successful outcomes. This report explores the journey of norms in development, from emergence to implementation. Specifically, it seeks to identify effective strategies for norms to take root and make part of the global and domestic agendas and limits. It also identifies challenges to the implementation of norms and some possible strategies and tools to overcome these challenges. The report draws from various global policy advocacy campaigns with a particular focus on governance; it also includes notable historic campaigns, such as Britain's antislavery campaign.
18 citations
Cites background from "Standard setting at the cutting edg..."
...Koechlin and Calland (2009) address several success factors and challenges of the EITI....
[...]
...The aim of these initiatives is to achieve collective solutions to problems facing stakeholders individually or as a group through a comprehensive approach (Koechlin and Calland 2009)....
[...]
...In terms of legitimacy and effectiveness, Koechlin and Calland (2009) question the main driver’s—usually a country or an international organization(s)—influence on the roles and responsibilities assigned to the different stakeholders....
[...]
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors implemented an ordered logit regression analysis to analyze the relationship between contextual factors and countries' level of compliance with EITI compliance, and found statistically significant positive relationship between perception of political freedom and compliance with the safeguard requirements.
13 citations
Dissertation•
01 Jul 2012
TL;DR: The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) is a global multi-stakeholder initiative that seeks to improve the management of natural resource wealth in implementing countries through increased transparency as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Multi-stakeholder Initiatives (MSIs) bring multiple stakeholders (usually government, business, and civil society) to a common platform to dialogue, design, and implement sustainable solutions to identified governance issues However, what factors are likely to determine the effectiveness of MSIs? The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) is a global MSI, established in 2003, that seeks to improve the management of natural resource wealth in implementing countries through increased transparency This study examines the Nigerian EITI to explore the factors that influence the organisation and effectiveness of MSIs We find that the Nigerian EITI (NEITI) falls short of a truly multi-stakeholder initiative and hence is limited in its impact and effectiveness in improving resource wealth management in Nigeria Four factors deduced from a combination of agency and collective action theories appear to be strong in explaining the shortcomings of the NEITI These factors are the Nigerian structural environment, the characteristics of the stakeholders to the Nigerian extractives industry, the emergent governance structure of NEITI, and the nature of external influence on NEITI Evidence gathered from the implementation of NEITI, demonstrates that a combination of these factors has contributed to the difficulty in achieving a truly multi-stakeholder structure and hence the limited impact of the initiative on improving resource wealth management in Nigeria
12 citations
Cites background from "Standard setting at the cutting edg..."
...grown from only 50 in the 1980s to about 400 i n 2007 ( Martens, 2007) and they perform a number of functions including dialogue or forum, institution building, rulesetting, rule implementation, and rule monitoring (Koechlin and Calland, 2009)....
[...]
...55 areas are more amenable to success than others (Koechlin and Calland, 2009)....
[...]
References
More filters
Book•
30 May 2003
TL;DR: The authors argues that civil war is now an important issue for development and that war retards development, but conversely, development retards war, giving rise to virtuous and vicious circles.
Abstract: Most wars are now civil wars. Even though international wars attract enormous global attention, they have become infrequent and brief. Civil wars usually attract less attention, but they have become increasingly common and typically go on for years. This report argues that civil war is now an important issue for development. War retards development, but conversely, development retards war. This double causation gives rise to virtuous and vicious circles. Where development succeeds, countries become progressively safer from violent conflict, making subsequent development easier. Where development fails, countries are at high risk of becoming caught in a conflict trap in which war wrecks the economy and increases the risk of further war. The global incidence of civil war is high because the international community has done little to avert it. Inertia is rooted in two beliefs: that we can safely 'let them fight it out among themselves' and that 'nothing can be done' because civil war is driven by ancestral ethnic and religious hatreds. The purpose of this report is to challenge these beliefs.
2,069 citations
TL;DR: The work of as mentioned in this paper explores the research conducted under the sign of resource politics associated with the work of Michael Ross, Paul Collier and others through a detailed examination of the political economy of oil in Nigeria.
Abstract: What might it mean to say that resources, and resource-dependency, have consequences for the conduct of politics? This article explores the research conducted under the sign of resource politics associated with the work of Michael Ross, Paul Collier and others through a detailed examination of the political economy of oil in Nigeria. Much of the resource politics work suffers from either too strong a commodity-determinism or an insufficient attention to the ways in which specific resource characteristics matter analytically with respect to politics, rule and conflict. I approach the oil question in Nigeria by using the work of Michel Foucault and Nikolas Rose and by identifying three different forms of governable space and rule (the chieftainship, the ethnic minority, and the nation state) associated with oil-based capitalism. Governable spaces as forms of rule, identity and territoriality are not necessarily fully governable (they may be almost ungovernable and wracked by internal dissent and conflict) a...
636 citations
31 Dec 2005
258 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that multisectoral networks should be embedded in a pluralistic system of accountability making use of a combination of accountability mechanisms on a number of dimensions (actors, process, outcomes).
Abstract: This paper outlines the elements of a pluralistic system of accountability with regard to one of the most ambitious institutional innovations in global governance: multisectoral public policy networks. These networks bring together the public sector (governments and international organizations), civil society and business around issues ranging from corruption, climate change and fighting malaria to environmental and labour standards. We argue that multisectoral networks should be embedded in a pluralistic system of accountability making use of a combination of accountability mechanisms on a number of dimensions (actors, process, outcomes). The paper discusses some of the key conceptual, empirical and practical challenges of a ‘learning model’ of accountability in networks.
189 citations