Start-up and frequency stability in high-frequency oscillators
TL;DR: In this article, start-up criteria for high-frequency oscillators are explored and design methods are derived to allow design of reliable oscillators with a well-defined frequency of oscillation, which is confirmed with the design, fabrication and characterization of a 2-GHz monolithic LC oscillator.
Abstract: Start-up criteria in harmonic oscillators are explored. Conventional criteria for start-up prediction are shown to be necessary but not always sufficient for high-frequency oscillators, due to the effects of parasitic elements. Design methods are derived to allow design of reliable oscillators with a well-defined frequency of oscillation. The theory is confirmed with the design, fabrication, and characterization of a 2-GHz monolithic LC oscillator. >
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Book•
01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: The analysis and design techniques of CMOS integrated circuits that practicing engineers need to master to succeed can be found in this article, where the authors describe the thought process behind each circuit topology, but also consider the rationale behind each modification.
Abstract: The CMOS technology area has quickly grown, calling for a new text--and here it is, covering the analysis and design of CMOS integrated circuits that practicing engineers need to master to succeed. Filled with many examples and chapter-ending problems, the book not only describes the thought process behind each circuit topology, but also considers the rationale behind each modification. The analysis and design techniques focus on CMOS circuits but also apply to other IC technologies.
Table of contents
1 Introduction to Analog Design
2 Basic MOS Device Physics
3 Single-Stage Amplifiers
4 Differential Amplifiers
5 Passive and Active Current Mirrors
6 Frequency Response of Amplifiers
7 Noise
8 Feedback
9 Operational Amplifiers
10 Stability and Frequency Compensation
11 Bandgap References
12 Introduction to Switched-Capacitor Circuits
13 Nonlinearity and Mismatch
14 Oscillators
15 Phase-Locked Loops
16 Short-Channel Effects and Device Models
17 CMOS Processing Technology
18 Layout and Packaging
4,826 citations
01 Dec 1993
TL;DR: In this paper, a delay generator based on a series of coupled ring oscillators has been developed; it produces precise delays with sub-gate delay resolution for chip testing applications, achieving a delay resolution equal to a buffer delay divided by the number of rings.
Abstract: A new delay generator based on a series of coupled ring oscillators has been developed; it produces precise delays with subgate delay resolution for chip testing applications It achieves a delay resolution equal to a buffer delay divided by the number of rings The coupling employed forces the outputs of a linear array of ring oscillators oscillating at the same frequency to be uniformly offset in phase by a precise fraction of a buffer delay The buffer stage used in the ring oscillators is based on a source-coupled pair and achieves high supply noise rejection while operating at low supply voltages Experimental results from a 2- mu m N-well CMOS implementation of the delay generator demonstrate that it can achieve an output delay resolution of 101 ps while operating at 141 MHz with a peak error of 58 ps >
383 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel noise-shifting differential Colpitts VCO is presented, which uses current switching to lower phase noise by cyclostationary noise alignment and improves the start-up condition.
Abstract: A novel noise-shifting differential Colpitts VCO is presented. It uses current switching to lower phase noise by cyclostationary noise alignment and improve the start-up condition. A design strategy is also devised to enhance the phase noise performance of quadrature coupled oscillators. Two integrated VCOs are presented as design examples.
323 citations
Cites background from "Start-up and frequency stability in..."
...3(a) depicts the single-ended Colpitts oscillator topology, which is a commonly used single-ended design [2], [7]....
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...On the other hand, the Colpitts oscillator [7] has superior cyclostationary noise properties and can hence potentially achieve lower phase noise [8]....
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TL;DR: In this article, a multiphase sinusoidal oscillator circuit is presented, which uses translinear bipolar second-generation current-controlled conveyors, grounded capacitors and enjoys low active and passive sensitivities and independent current control of the frequency of oscillation.
Abstract: A multiphase sinusoidal oscillator circuit is presented. The oscillator can produce N output-currents (N being even or odd) equally spaced in phase. The circuit uses translinear bipolar second-generation current-controlled conveyors, grounded capacitors and enjoys low active and passive sensitivities and independent current-control of the frequency of oscillation.
142 citations
Cites background or methods from "Start-up and frequency stability in..."
...In general, the fulfillment of these startup conditions is not always sufficient for predicting the circuit instability unless it holds at only one frequency [ 14 ]....
[...]
...However, because of the nonlinearities in the active devices, the frequencies of oscillation, reported in Tables I and II, are not exactly equal to the steady state frequencies of oscillation [ 14 ]....
[...]
...Thus, the frequencies of oscillation tabulated in Tables I and II can be used as an estimate for the steady state oscillation frequencies [ 14 ]....
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TL;DR: A transformer-based resonator is proposed to be used to build a dual-mode oscillator, e.g., a system capable of oscillating at two different frequencies without recurring to switched inductors, switched capacitors, or varactors.
Abstract: In this brief, we propose to use a transformer-based resonator to build a dual-mode oscillator, e.g., a system capable of oscillating at two different frequencies without recurring to switched inductors, switched capacitors, or varactors. The behavior of the resonator configured as a one-port and a two-port network is studied analytically, and the dependence of the quality factor on the design parameters is thoroughly explored. These results, combined with the use of traditional frequency tuning techniques, are applied to the design of a wide-band voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) that covers the frequency range 3.6-7.8 GHz. The performance of the designed VCO, implemented in a digital 0.13-mum CMOS technology, has been studied by transistor-level and 2.5D electromagnetic simulation (Agilent Momentum). A typical phase noise performance at 1-MHz offset of -104 dBc/Hz has been predicted, while the power consumption ranges from 1 to 8 mW, depending on the VCO configuration
135 citations
Cites background from "Start-up and frequency stability in..."
...The resulting multi-oscillation behavior is not desired and must be avoided [12]....
[...]
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: A solution manual to accompany chua desoer kuh linear, download linear and nonlinear circuits pdf softarchive, charles a desOer author of linear andNonlinear circuits, solution manual chua Desoer Kuh pdf download xausa org, ee100 lecture notes.
Abstract: solutions manual to accompany chua desoer kuh linear, download linear and nonlinear circuits pdf softarchive, charles a desoer author of linear and nonlinear circuits, solution manual chua desoer kuh pdf download xausa org, ee100 lecture notes university of california berkeley, linear and nonlinear circuits leon o chua charles a, linear and nonlinear circuits leon o chua charles a, charles a desoer university of california, solution manual chua desoer kuh pdf download, solution manual chua desoer kuh urbanlovewarrior com, 9780070108981 linear and nonlinear circuits by leon o, linear and nonlinear circuits chua leon o 1936, chaos in nonlinear electronic circuits springerlink, desoer chua kuh solution manual divinemettacine com, linear and nonlinear circuits leon o chua charles a, linear and nonlinear circuits leon o chua charles a, linear and nonlinear circuits by leon o chua, linear and nonlinear circuits book 1987 worldcat org, linear and nonlinear circuits pad um ac ir, linear and nonlinear circuits leon o chua charles a, linear and nonlinear circuits solutions manual chua pdf, linear and nonlinear circuits leon o chua charles a, desoer kuh chua solution manual topsolarexperts com, linear and nonlinear circuits in searchworks catalog, linear and nonlinear circuits chua pdfsdocuments2 com, solution manual chua desoer kuh pdf download, download linear and nonlinear circuits files tradownload, faculty publications eecs at uc berkeley, chua l o c a desoer e s kuh linear and nonlinear, noel chaos in chua s circuit homepage, linear and nonlinear circuits download « thomas s game, desoer kuh chua solution manual pdf download, charles a desoer eecs at uc berkeley, linear and non linear circuits leon o chua charles a, linear and nonlinear circuits pdf download, download linear and nonlinear circuits by leon o chua, 0070108986 linear and nonlinear circuits by leon o chua, linear and non linear circuits solutions manual amazon, leon o chua department of electrical engineering, fun examples for teaching linear and nonlinear circuits, linear and nonlinear circuits leon o chua charles a, linear and non linear circuits solutions manual leon o, linear and nonlinear circuits leon o chua charles a
870 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the behavior of oscillators with multiple-resonant circuits is discussed, and the condition for free-running stable oscillations, injection locking phenomena, the stable locking range, and a condition for parasitic oscillations are discussed.
Abstract: This paper discusses the behavior of oscillators with multiple-resonant circuits. It discusses the condition for free-running stable oscillations, the injection locking phenomena, the stable locking range, the noise of free-running and injection-locked oscillators, and a condition for parasitic oscillations in detail, and presents a graphical interpretation of this study for clarity. Finally, this paper shows how broadbanding of oscillators can be achieved with a double-resonant circuit. This provides a systematic guide for the design of broadband frequency deviators and broadband injection-locked oscillators for numerous applications.
485 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, passive inductors and LC filters fabricated in standard Si IC technology are demonstrated, and Q-factors from three to eight and inductors up to 10 nH in the gigahertz range have been realized.
Abstract: Passive inductors and LC filters fabricated in standard Si IC technology are demonstrated. Q-factors from three to eight and inductors up to 10 nH in the gigahertz range have been realized. Measurements on a five-pole maximally flat low-pass filter give midband insertion loss and -3 dB bandwidth close to the nominal design values of 2.25 dB and 880 MHz. >
433 citations
01 Sep 1934
431 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss practical methods of measuring and interpreting the results for loop gain of the closed-loop system by a voltage injection or a current-injection technique.
Abstract: In this design of a feedback system it is desirable to make experimental measurements of the loop gain as a function of frequency to ensure that the physical system operates as analytically predicted or, if not, to supply information upon which a design correction can be based In high loop-gain systems it is desirable that the loop-gain measurement be made without opening the loop This paper discusses practical methods of measuring and interpreting the results for loop gain of the closed-loop system by a voltage injection or a current-injection technique ; extension to the case in which the measurement can be made even though the system is unstable ; and extension to the case in which neither the voltage nor current-injection technique alone is adequate, but in which a combination of both permits the true loop gain to be derived These techniques have been found useful not only in linear feedback systems but also in describing-function analysis of switching-mode converters and regulators
206 citations