State Indicator Report on Fruits and Vegetables, 2013, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
TL;DR: This report, the first of its kind published since 2009, provides state and nationwide information on fruit and vegetable consumption, related policies, and associated environmental supports and provides “stories from the field” that describe success stories related to increasing availability of fresh produce around the country.
About: This article is published in Advances in Nutrition.The article was published on 2013-11-01 and is currently open access. It has received 209 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Population.
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TL;DR: Cumulative lifetime stress may accelerate epigenetic aging, an effect that could be driven by glucocorticoid-induced epigenetic changes, which contribute to the understanding of mechanisms linking chronic stress with accelerated aging and heightened disease risk.
Abstract: Background: Chronic psychological stress is associated with accelerated aging and increased risk for aging-related diseases, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Results: We examined the effect of lifetime stressors on a DNA methylation-based age predictor, epigenetic clock. After controlling for blood cell-type composition and lifestyle parameters, cumulative lifetime stress, but not childhood maltreatment or current stress alone, predicted accelerated epigenetic aging in an urban, African American cohort (n = 392). This effect was primarily driven by personal life stressors, was more pronounced with advancing age, and was blunted in individuals with higher childhood abuse exposure. Hypothesizing that these epigenetic effects could be mediated by glucocorticoid signaling, we found that a high number (n = 85) of epigenetic clock CpG sites were located within glucocorticoid response elements. We further examined the functional effects of glucocorticoids on epigenetic clock CpGs in an independent sample with genome-wide DNA methylation (n = 124) and gene expression data (n = 297) before and after exposure to the glucocorticoid receptor agonist dexamethasone. Dexamethasone induced dynamic changes in methylation in 31.2 % (110/353) of these CpGs and transcription in 81.7 % (139/170) of genes neighboring epigenetic clock CpGs. Disease enrichment analysis of these dexamethasone-regulated genes showed enriched association for aging-related diseases, including coronary artery disease, arteriosclerosis, and leukemias. Conclusions: Cumulative lifetime stress may accelerate epigenetic aging, an effect that could be driven by glucocorticoid-induced epigenetic changes. These findings contribute to our understanding of mechanisms linking chronic stress with accelerated aging and heightened disease risk.
322 citations
TL;DR: A broad overview of the scope and impact of persistent pain in older people and mechanisms by which persistent geriatric pain can lead to suffering and disability is provided.
Abstract: With the shifting age demographics of the U.S. population, more psychologists will be asked to provide clinical services to older adults. Given the high prevalence of persistent pain in aging, in many cases this will mean providing empirically supported interventions for pain and the interference it creates. The purpose of this review is to provide a broad overview of the scope and impact of persistent pain in older people and to discuss mechanisms by which persistent geriatric pain can lead to suffering and disability. We consider the unique context of pain in older adulthood and review differences between older and younger people in terms of pain perception, the social network, beliefs about pain, pain-related coping, and adherence to pain medication. Finally, we discuss special issues affecting pain management in older adults, including dementia, polypharmacy, and barriers to accessing adequate pain care. This review also highlights a need for greater provider training in pain management to meet the needs of a changing U.S. population.
199 citations
TL;DR: It is indicated that all forms of IPV occur among MSM at rates similar to or higher than those documented among women, although data on perpetration rates are scant, and consensus as to IPV correlates among MSM is absent.
Abstract: This article presents results from a systematic review of the literature on intimate partner violence (IPV) among U.S. men who have sex with men (MSM). From 576 reviewed studies, a total of 28 met inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The population characteristics of each study, definitions of IPV, prevalences of different forms of IPV, and statistically tested correlates of IPV are summarized for each study. The results indicate that all forms of IPV occur among MSM at rates similar to or higher than those documented among women, although data on perpetration rates of IPV are scant, and consensus as to IPV correlates among MSM is absent. This review also finds significant limitations in the reviewed literature, notably the lack of a standardized, validated definition of IPV among MSM; use of unspecific recall periods for IPV; a lack of attention to nonphysical, nonsexual forms of IPV; and near-universal use of cross-sectional, convenience samples of urban MSM. Researchers should develop and validate an MSM-specific definition of IPV, use more rigorous epidemiological methods to measure IPV and its effects, and clarify the mental and physical health outcomes associated with both receipt and perpetration of IPV.
198 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A number of reviews confirm that a well planned and behaviour focused nutrition education intervention can significantly improve behaviour and health indicators and are considered as a good investment in terms of cost benefit ratio.
Abstract: Background: Sufficient intake of fruits and vegetables has been associated with a reduced risk of chronic diseases and body weight management but the exact mechanism is unknown. The World Health Organisation and Food and Agriculture of the United Nation reports recommend adults to consume at least five servings of fruits and vegetables per day excluding starchy vegetables. This review focuses on the importance of fruits and vegetables as well as the benefits and progress of nutrition education in improving intake. Methods: For this narrative review, more than 100 relevant scientific articles were considered from various databases (e.g Science Direct, Pub Med and Google Scholar) using the keywords Fruit and vegetable, Nutrition education, Body weight, Obesity, Benefits and challenges. Results: Existing data suggests that despite the protective effects of fruits and vegetables, their intakes are still inadequate in many countries, especially developing ones. Consequently enhancing strategies to promote fruit and vegetable intake are essential for health promotion among population. A number of reviews confirm that a well planned and behaviour focused nutrition education intervention can significantly improve behaviour and health indicators. Conclusion: Despite challenges in nutrition education intervention programs, they are considered as a good investment in terms of cost benefit ratio. Rapid improvement in trends of nutrition education can be seen in many countries and majority of interventions has been successful in increasing fruits and vegetables intake. It is recommended that health professionals use multiple interventions to deliver information in several smaller doses over time to ensure improved outcomes.
194 citations
TL;DR: The current delivery model is poorly constructed to manage chronic disease, as evidenced by low adherence to quality indicators and poor control of treatable conditions, and modifying the delivery model to include team-based care in concert with patient-centered technologies offers great promise.
161 citations
Cites background from "State Indicator Report on Fruits an..."
...daily.(13) These risk factors coupled with tobacco use and excess alcohol consumption represent the major lifestyle factors leading to the pandemic of chronic disease in the US and globally....
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References
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TL;DR: An ecological framework for conceptualizing the many food environments and conditions that influence food choices is described, with an emphasis on current knowledge regarding the home, child care, school, work site, retail store, and restaurant settings.
Abstract: Food and eating environments likely contribute to the increasing epidemic of obesity and chronic diseases, over and above individual factors such as knowledge, skills, and motivation. Environmental and policy interventions may be among the most effective strategies for creating population-wide improvements in eating. This review describes an ecological framework for conceptualizing the many food environments and conditions that influence food choices, with an emphasis on current knowledge regarding the home, child care, school, work site, retail store, and restaurant settings. Important issues of disparities in food access for low-income and minority groups and macrolevel issues are also reviewed. The status of measurement and evaluation of nutrition environments and the need for action to improve health are highlighted.
2,064 citations
"State Indicator Report on Fruits an..." refers background in this paper
...Farmers markets are a mechanism for purchasing foods from local farms and can augment access to F&V from typical retail stores or provide a retail venue for F&V in areas lacking such stores.(5,6) The number of farmers markets per 100,000 state residents provides a broad estimate of the availability of F&V from farmers markets adjusted for variation in state population....
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...State-level policies that support healthier food retail have the potential to increase F&V access and improve nutrition among adults and children.(5) Such policies include support for: 1) the building and/or placement of new food retail outlets (e....
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...supermarkets, larger grocery stores, F&V specialty stores), improving availability of F&V in small stores including convenience and corner stores, and utilizing farm-to-consumer approaches such as markets at which farmers sell F&V directly to consumers.(2,4,5)...
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TL;DR: Neighborhood disparities in access to food are of great concern because of their potential to influence dietary intake and obesity and additional research is needed to address various limitations of current studies, identify effective policy actions, and evaluate intervention strategies designed to promote more equitable access to healthy foods.
1,874 citations
"State Indicator Report on Fruits an..." refers background in this paper
...Availability of Healthier Food Retail in Communities Having access to stores that sell F&V and other healthier foods may increase F&V consumption among adults.(2,3) Improving access to F&V and other healthier foods can include expanding access to stores that typically stock an affordable and wide selection of F&V (i....
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...supermarkets, larger grocery stores, F&V specialty stores), improving availability of F&V in small stores including convenience and corner stores, and utilizing farm-to-consumer approaches such as markets at which farmers sell F&V directly to consumers.(2,4,5)...
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TL;DR: Since the guidelines were first issued back in 1980, Americans have gotten slightly healthier, except for children, got significantly bigger, gotten significantly bigger (especially children), and gotten very, very confused about what they should be eating.
1,238 citations
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: Congress directed the U.S. Department of Agriculture to conduct a 1-year study to assess the extent of the problem of limited access, identify characteristics and causes, consider the effects oflimited access on local populations, and outline recommendations to address the problem.
Abstract: Increases in obesity and diet-related diseases are major public health problems. These problems may be worse in some U.S. communities because access to affordable and nutritious foods is difficult. Previous studies suggest that some areas and households have easier access to fast food restaurants and convenience stores but limited access to supermarkets. Limited access to nutritious food and relatively easier access to less nutritious food may be linked to poor diets and, ultimately, to obesity and diet-related diseases. Congress, in the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, directed the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to conduct a 1-year study to assess the extent of the problem of limited access, identify characteristics and causes, consider the effects of limited access on local populations, and outline recommendations to address the problem.
328 citations
TL;DR: The integrated model developed here included three subsystems (producer, consumer, nutrition) and nine stages (production, processing, distribution, acquisition, preparation, consumption, digestion, transport, metabolism) that considers the processes and transformations that occur within the food and nutrition system.
269 citations
"State Indicator Report on Fruits an..." refers background in this paper
...Food System Support A systems approach to increasing access to F&V considers the many factors involved in getting food from farm to consumer, including aspects of food production, processing, distribution, and retail.(12) Also included in such an approach are partnerships with the participants in that system, including farmers, industries, workers, governments, institutional purchasers, communities, and consumers....
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