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Journal ArticleDOI

State of the art of self-etch adhesives

01 Jan 2011-Dental Materials (Elsevier)-Vol. 27, Iss: 1, pp 17-28
TL;DR: The major shortcomings of the most simple-to-use one-step (self-etch) adhesives are addressed and special attention is devoted to the AD-concept and the benefit of chemical interfacial interaction with regard to bond durability.
About: This article is published in Dental Materials.The article was published on 2011-01-01. It has received 1059 citations till now.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present study examined the short-term in vitro performance of five universal adhesives bonded to human coronal dentine, showing the increase in versatility of universalAdhesives is not accompanied by technological advances for overcoming the challenges associated with previous generations of adhesive.

252 citations


Cites background from "State of the art of self-etch adhes..."

  • ...Although the deposition of water-insoluble 10-MDP-calcium salts has minimal effect on the immediate bond strength of self-etched dentin, proponents of the A-D concept claim that these salts contribute to bond durability by protecting the hybrid layer from hydrolytic degradation.(10) Nevertheless, the validity of this claim requires substantiation....

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  • ...Although self-etch adhesives do not require bonding to moist dentin and are less technique sensitive, they invariably contain water for ionization of the acidic resin monomers.(10) Whereas water incorporated in self-etch adhesives may be removed by evaporation prior to polymerization of the adhesive monomers, the high concentration of ionic resin monomers in these adhesives...

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  • ...5-1 m interaction depth), intermediate (pH, 1–2; 1–2 m interaction depth), and strong (pH ≤ 1, ≥ 5 m interaction depth, similar to etching with phosphoric acid).(10) The more aggressive self-etch adhesives that contain substantial amounts of highly acidic resin monomers can induce continued etching along the base of hybrid layers after polymerization of those adhesives....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The literature on the current knowledge for each adhesive system according to their classification that have been advocated by many authorities in most operative/restorative procedures is reviewed to help clinicians to choose the appropriate dentin bonding agents for optimal clinical outcomes.
Abstract: Adhesive dentistry has undergone great progress in the last decades. In light of minimal-invasive dentistry, this new approach promotes a more conservative cavity design, which relies on the effectiveness of current enamel-dentine adhesives. Adhesive dentistry began in 1955 by Buonocore on the benefits of acid etching. With changing technologies, dental adhesives have evolved from no-etch to total-etch (4th and 5th generation) to self-etch (6th, 7th and 8th generation) systems. Currently, bonding to dental substrates is based on three different strategies: 1) etch-and-rinse, 2) self-etch and 3) resin-modified glass-ionomer approach as possessing the unique properties of self-adherence to the tooth tissue. More recently, a new family of dentin adhesives has been introduced (universal or multi-mode adhesives), which may be used either as etch-and-rinse or as self-etch adhesives. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on the current knowledge for each adhesive system according to their classification that have been advocated by many authorities in most operative/restorative procedures. As noted by several valuable studies that have contributed to understanding of bonding to various substrates helps clinicians to choose the appropriate dentin bonding agents for optimal clinical outcomes.

251 citations


Cites background from "State of the art of self-etch adhes..."

  • ..., sound, carious, sclerotic dentin, as well as enamel) (78)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Application of an etching step prior to UAs improves their dentine penetration, but does not affect their bond strength to dentine after 24h or after thermocycling for 5000 cycles.

244 citations


Cites background from "State of the art of self-etch adhes..."

  • ...One of the keys of success with self-etching adhesives is he chemical bonding capability of their functional monomers o hydroxyapatite (HAp),1 as described by the ‘‘adhesion/ ecalcification concept’’.9,10 Among the currently used funcional monomers, 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogenphophate (MDP) has demonstrated a very effective and durable ond to dentine,11,12 due to the low solubility of the calcium alt that forms on the hydroxyapatite surface.12 On the other and, micromechanical interlocking by means of good entine hybridization (i.e. resin tags and hybrid layer), has een proposed to improve the bond strength of SEAs.13 hosphoric acid etching of dentine prior to application of EAs significantly improves the interface infiltration morpholgy, by generating thicker hybrid layers14,15 and longer resin ags.16 Removal of the smear layer and smear plugs by this prereatment17 facilitates the adhesive penetration, especially in ild SEAs....

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  • ...his ‘‘etching aggressiveness’’ is strongly related with their nteraction depth in dentine,(19) which varies from few anometers in ultra-mild SEAs(20) to several micrometres, in he strong SEAs.(1) Thus, hybrid layers of mild SEAs are much hinner than those generated by stronger SEAs or etch-andinse adhesives, although hybrid layer thickness may not be of ajor importance to bonding efficacy....

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  • ...5).(1) his ‘‘etching aggressiveness’’ is strongly related with their nteraction depth in dentine,(19) which varies from few anometers in ultra-mild SEAs(20) to several micrometres, in he strong SEAs....

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  • ...Although there as a better interface morphology after acid etching, its orrelation to better mTBS values in self-etch adhesives has een brought into question.18 In one study, the use of hosphoric acid prior to self-etch application in dentine reated well impregnated hybrid layers, which were associatd to significantly improved mTBS values when compared to onventional application of the same 1-SEAs.13 On the other and, despite the fact that the application of the etching step rior to self-etch adhesives has shown to improve the hybrid ayer thickness and resin tag formation, these interfaces Please cite this article in press as: Wagner A, et al. Bonding performance (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2014.04.012 showed significantly decreased bond strengths, with an increased number of adhesive failures.5,14,37 The lower bond strength has been attributed to an incomplete infiltration of the demineralized collagen network by the bonding resin.38 This shortcoming has been overcome in UAs through the addition of low viscosity monomers like HEMA, that increase the affinity to the hydrophilic wet collagen network, as has been done earlier for one-step etch-and-rinse adhesives....

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  • ...Nevertheless, a clear correlation to higher bond trengths by these enhanced interfaces has not been estabished.18 According to their ability to demineralize dentine, SEAs ave been classified into strong (pH 1), intermediately strong pH between 1 and 2), mild (pH 2) and ultra-mild (pH >2.5).1 his ‘‘etching aggressiveness’’ is strongly related with their nteraction depth in dentine,19 which varies from few anometers in ultra-mild SEAs20 to several micrometres, in he strong SEAs.1 Thus, hybrid layers of mild SEAs are much hinner than those generated by stronger SEAs or etch-andinse adhesives, although hybrid layer thickness may not be of ajor importance to bonding efficacy.2 By demineralizing entine only incompletely, mild SEAs leave HAp partially ttached to collagen, so it is available for chemical interction12 and protective nanolayering.21 At present, there is only sparse literature reporting on the mode,7,22 although bond strength degradation has been observed after ageing for pre-etched Q9samples.23 The aim of the present study was to compare the bond strength and resin penetration pattern into dentine of three commercial UAs applied in two different etching modes (i.e. SE or ER)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a systematic review was conducted to determine if there is difference in bond strength to dentin between regular and self-adhesive resin cements and to verify the influence of several variables on the retention of GFPs.
Abstract: Because there are several ways to cement glass-fiber posts (GFPs) into root canals, there is no consensus on the best strategy to achieve high bond strengths. A systematic review was conducted to determine if there is difference in bond strength to dentin between regular and self-adhesive resin cements and to verify the influence of several variables on the retention of GFPs. This report followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. In vitro studies that investigated the bond strength of GFPs luted with self-adhesive and regular resin cements were selected. Searches were carried out in the PubMed and Scopus databases. No publication year or language limit was used, and the last search was done in October 2012. A global comparison was performed between self-adhesive and regular resin cements. Two subgroup analyses were performed: 1) Self-adhesive × Regular resin cement + Etch-and-rinse adhesive and 2) Self-adhesive × Regular resin cement + Self-etch adhesive. The analyses were carried out using fixed-effect and random-effects models. The results showed heterogeneity in all comparisons, and higher bond strength to dentin was identified for self-adhesive cements. Although the articles included in this meta-analysis showed high heterogeneity and high risk of bias, the in vitro literature seems to suggest that use of self-adhesive resin cement could improve the retention of GFPs into root canals.

236 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Research in the development of more clinically feasible dentin remineralization strategy, such as incorporating poly(anionic) acid-stabilized amorphous calcium phosphate nanoprecursor-containing mesoporous silica nanofillers in dentin adhesives, may provide a promising strategy for increasing of the durability of resin-dentin bonding and rem ineralizing caries-affected dentin.

217 citations

References
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Journal Article
TL;DR: The basic bonding mechanism to enamel and dentin of these three approaches is demonstrated by means of ultramorphological and chemical characterization of tooth-biomaterial interfacial interactions and confirms that conventional three-step etch&rinse adhesives still perform most favorably and are most reliable in the long-term.
Abstract: Bonding to tooth tissue can be achieved through an "etch&rinse," "self-etch" or "glass-ionomer" approach. In this paper, the basic bonding mechanism to enamel and dentin of these three approaches is demonstrated by means of ultramorphological and chemical characterization of tooth-biomaterial interfacial interactions. Furthermore, bond-strength testing and measurement of marginal-sealing effectiveness (the two most commonly employed methodologies to determine "bonding effectiveness" in the laboratory) are evaluated upon their value and relevance in predicting clinical performance. A new dynamic methodology to test biomaterial-tooth bonds in a fatigue mode is introduced with a recently developed micro-rotary fatigue-testing device. Eventually, today's adhesives will be critically weighted upon their performance in diverse laboratory studies and clinical trials. Special attention has been given to the benefits/drawbacks of an etch&rinse versus a self-etch approach and the long-term performance of these adhesives. Correlating data gathered in the laboratory with clinical results clearly showed that laboratory research CAN predict clinical effectiveness. Although there is a tendency to simplify bonding procedures, the data presented confirm that conventional three-step etch&rinse adhesives still perform most favorably and are most reliable in the long-term. Nevertheless, a self-etch approach may have the best future perspective. Clinically, when adhesives no longer require an "etch&rinse" step, the application time, and probably more importantly, the technique-sensitivity are substantially reduced. Especially "mild," two-step self-etch adhesives that bond through a combined micromechanical and chemical interaction with tooth tissue closely approach conventional three-step systems in bonding performance.

1,721 citations


"State of the art of self-etch adhes..." refers background in this paper

  • ...[27] Van Meerbeek B, De Munck J, Yoshida Y, Inoue S, Vargas M, Vijay P, et al....

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  • ...On the other hand, it also underlines the great advanage of mild self-etch adhesives as they keep collagen not only ncapsulated and thus protected by HAp, but also provide the otential to chemically interact with HAp [27,29]....

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  • ...The resultant two-fold micro-mechanical and chemial bonding mechanism of mild self-etch adhesives closely esembles that of glass-ionomers [27,45]....

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  • ...echanically interlocked in the created porosities [27]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study critically discusses the latest peer-reviewed reports related to formation, aging and stability of resin bonding, focusing on the micro and nano-phenomena related to adhesive interface degradation.

1,086 citations


"State of the art of self-etch adhes..." refers background in this paper

  • ...[38] Breschi L, Mazzoni A, Ruggeri A, Cadenaro M, Di Lenarda R, De Stefano DE....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Besides self-etching dentin, specific functional monomers have additional chemical bonding efficacy that is expected to contribute to their adhesive potential to tooth tissue.
Abstract: Mild self-etch adhesives demineralize dentin only partially, leaving hydroxyapatite around collagen within a submicron hybrid layer. We hypothesized that this residual hydroxyapatite may serve as a receptor for chemical interaction with the functional monomer and, subsequently, contribute to adhesive performance in addition to micro-mechanical hybridization. We therefore chemically characterized the adhesive interaction of 3 functional monomers with synthetic hydroxyapatite, using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. We further characterized their interaction with dentin ultra-morphologically, using transmission electron microscopy. The monomer 10-methacryloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) readily adhered to hydroxyapatite. This bond appeared very stable, as confirmed by the low dissolution rate of its calcium salt in water. The bonding potential of 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitic acid (4-MET) was substantially lower. The monomer 2-methacryloxyethyl phenyl hydrogen phosphate (phenyl-P) and its bond to hydroxyapatite did not appear to be hydrolytically stable. Besides self-etching dentin, specific functional monomers have additional chemical bonding efficacy that is expected to contribute to their adhesive potential to tooth tissue.

1,035 citations


"State of the art of self-etch adhes..." refers background in this paper

  • ...micro-mechanical interlocking is a prerequisite to achieve good bonding (certainly within clinical circumstances), the potential benefit of additional chemical interaction between functional monomers and tooth substrate components has recently regained attention [28,29]....

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  • ...In this sense, the chemical bonding promoted by 10-MDP is not only more effective, but also more stable in water than that provided by 4-MET and phenyl-P, in this order [29]....

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  • ...[29] Yoshida Y, Nagakane K, Fukuda R, Nakayama Y, Okazaki M, Shintani H, et al....

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  • ...On the other hand, it also underlines the great advanage of mild self-etch adhesives as they keep collagen not only ncapsulated and thus protected by HAp, but also provide the otential to chemically interact with HAp [27,29]....

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  • ...in 2004 using XPS (or X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy) [29]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that collagen degradation occurred over time, via host-derived matrix metalloproteinases that are released slowly over time through proteolytic enzyme inhibitors or mineral oil.
Abstract: Incompletely infiltrated collagen fibrils in acid-etched dentin are susceptible to degradation. We hypothesize that degradation can occur in the absence of bacteria. Partially demineralized collagen matrices (DCMs) prepared from human dentin were stored in artificial saliva. Control specimens were stored in artificial saliva containing proteolytic enzyme inhibitors, or pure mineral oil. We retrieved them at 24 hrs, 90 and 250 days to examine the extent of degradation of DCM. In the 24-hour experimental and 90- and 250-day control specimens, we observed 5- to 6-microm-thick layers of DCM containing banded collagen fibrils. DCMs were almost completely destroyed in the 250-day experimental specimens, but not when incubated with enzyme inhibitors or mineral oil. Functional enzyme analysis of dentin powder revealed low levels of collagenolytic activity that was inhibited by protease inhibitors or 0.2% chlorhexidine. We hypothesize that collagen degradation occurred over time, via host-derived matrix metalloproteinases that are released slowly over time.

962 citations


"State of the art of self-etch adhes..." refers background in this paper

  • ...[40] Pashley DH, Tay FR, Yiu C, Hashimoto M, Breschi L, Carvalho RM, et al....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Comparison of retention of class-V adhesive restorations as a measure to determine clinical bonding effectiveness of adhesives revealed that glass‐ionomers most effectively and durably bond to tooth tissue.

744 citations


"State of the art of self-etch adhes..." refers background in this paper

  • ...[1] Peumans M, Kanumilli P, De Munck J, Van Landuyt K, Lambrechts P, Van Meerbeek B....

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  • ...Glass-ionomers have indeed been ecorded with the lowest annual failure rate with regard to lass-V adhesive restorations [1,26]....

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  • ...Finally, inferior clinical performance of one-step adhesives confirmed the less favorable laboratory findings, while it must also be said that the latest generation of one-step adhesives definitely perform better [1,26]....

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