State of the art of self-etch adhesives
TL;DR: The major shortcomings of the most simple-to-use one-step (self-etch) adhesives are addressed and special attention is devoted to the AD-concept and the benefit of chemical interfacial interaction with regard to bond durability.
About: This article is published in Dental Materials.The article was published on 2011-01-01. It has received 1059 citations till now.
Citations
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TL;DR: Without compromising dentin bond strength and resin tag formation, the QADM and NAg containing adhesive and primer achieved strong antibacterial effects against microcosm biofilms for the first time.
147 citations
TL;DR: While there was no statistical difference among bonding strategies when a universal adhesive was used, there were signs of degradation when theuniversal adhesive was applied in SE mode, especially for the criteria marginal staining and marginal adaptation.
140 citations
TL;DR: The method of using dual agents MDPB+NAg in the primer yielded potent antibacterial properties and may have wide applicability to other adhesives, composites, sealants and cements to inhibit biofilms and caries.
134 citations
TL;DR: New bisacrylamide cross-linkers with improved hydrolytic stability and new strongly acidic polymerizable phosphonic acids and dihydrogen phosphates, in combination with the implementation of novel application devices, have significantly improved the performance of the current enamel–dentin adhesives.
Abstract: In the past 10 years, many new components were synthesized and evaluated for an application in enamel–dentin adhesives and direct composite restoratives. New bisacrylamide cross-linkers with improved hydrolytic stability and new strongly acidic polymerizable phosphonic acids and dihydrogen phosphates, as well as novel photoinitator systems, in combination with the implementation of novel application devices, have significantly improved the performance of the current enamel–dentin adhesives. The currently used resins for direct composite restoratives are mainly based on methacrylate chemistry to this day. A continuous improvement of the properties of current composites was achieved with the use of new tailor-made methacrylate cross-linkers, new additives, and photoinitiators as well as tailor-made fillers. Nowadays, dental adhesives and methacrylate-based direct restorative materials have found wide-spread acceptance. Nevertheless, future developments in the field of dental adhesives and direct composite restoratives will focus on improving durability and biocompatibility as well as the development of materials with a broader application spectrum and of smart adhesives or composites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
134 citations
TL;DR: Novel dental bonding agents containing NAg, QADM, and NACP were developed with the potential to kill residual bacteria in the tooth cavity and inhibit the invading bacteria along tooth-restoration margins, with NACP to remineralize tooth lesions.
Abstract: Secondary caries remains the main reason for dental restoration failure. Replacement of failed restorations accounts for 50%-70% of all restorations performed. Antibacterial adhesives could inhibit biofilm acids at tooth-restoration margins, and calcium phosphate (CaP) ions could remineralize tooth lesions. The objectives of this study were to: (1) incorporate nanoparticles of silver (NAg), quaternary ammonium dimethacrylate (QADM), and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) into bonding agent; and (2) investigate their effects on dentin bonding and microcosm biofilms. An experimental primer was made with pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate (PMGDM) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). An adhesive was made with bisphenol-A-glycerolate dimethacrylate (BisGMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). NAg was incorporated into primer at 0.1 wt %. The adhesive contained 0.1% NAg and 10% QADM, and 0%-40% NACP. Incorporating NAg into primer and NAg-QADM-NACP into adhesive did not adversely affect dentin bond strength (p > 0.1). Scanning electron microscopy showed numerous resin tags, and transmission electron microscopy revealed NAg and NACP in dentinal tubules. Viability of human saliva microcosm biofilms on primer/adhesive/composite disks was substantially reduced via NAg and QADM. Metabolic activity, lactic acid, and colony-forming units of biofilms were much lower on the new bonding agents than control (p < 0.05). In conclusion, novel dental bonding agents containing NAg, QADM, and NACP were developed with the potential to kill residual bacteria in the tooth cavity and inhibit the invading bacteria along tooth-restoration margins, with NACP to remineralize tooth lesions. The novel method of combining antibacterial agents (NAg and QADM) with remineralizing agent (NACP) may have wide applicability to other adhesives for caries inhibition.
131 citations
References
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: The basic bonding mechanism to enamel and dentin of these three approaches is demonstrated by means of ultramorphological and chemical characterization of tooth-biomaterial interfacial interactions and confirms that conventional three-step etch&rinse adhesives still perform most favorably and are most reliable in the long-term.
Abstract: Bonding to tooth tissue can be achieved through an "etch&rinse," "self-etch" or "glass-ionomer" approach. In this paper, the basic bonding mechanism to enamel and dentin of these three approaches is demonstrated by means of ultramorphological and chemical characterization of tooth-biomaterial interfacial interactions. Furthermore, bond-strength testing and measurement of marginal-sealing effectiveness (the two most commonly employed methodologies to determine "bonding effectiveness" in the laboratory) are evaluated upon their value and relevance in predicting clinical performance. A new dynamic methodology to test biomaterial-tooth bonds in a fatigue mode is introduced with a recently developed micro-rotary fatigue-testing device. Eventually, today's adhesives will be critically weighted upon their performance in diverse laboratory studies and clinical trials. Special attention has been given to the benefits/drawbacks of an etch&rinse versus a self-etch approach and the long-term performance of these adhesives. Correlating data gathered in the laboratory with clinical results clearly showed that laboratory research CAN predict clinical effectiveness. Although there is a tendency to simplify bonding procedures, the data presented confirm that conventional three-step etch&rinse adhesives still perform most favorably and are most reliable in the long-term. Nevertheless, a self-etch approach may have the best future perspective. Clinically, when adhesives no longer require an "etch&rinse" step, the application time, and probably more importantly, the technique-sensitivity are substantially reduced. Especially "mild," two-step self-etch adhesives that bond through a combined micromechanical and chemical interaction with tooth tissue closely approach conventional three-step systems in bonding performance.
1,721 citations
"State of the art of self-etch adhes..." refers background in this paper
...[27] Van Meerbeek B, De Munck J, Yoshida Y, Inoue S, Vargas M, Vijay P, et al....
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...On the other hand, it also underlines the great advanage of mild self-etch adhesives as they keep collagen not only ncapsulated and thus protected by HAp, but also provide the otential to chemically interact with HAp [27,29]....
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...The resultant two-fold micro-mechanical and chemial bonding mechanism of mild self-etch adhesives closely esembles that of glass-ionomers [27,45]....
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...echanically interlocked in the created porosities [27]....
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TL;DR: This study critically discusses the latest peer-reviewed reports related to formation, aging and stability of resin bonding, focusing on the micro and nano-phenomena related to adhesive interface degradation.
1,086 citations
"State of the art of self-etch adhes..." refers background in this paper
...[38] Breschi L, Mazzoni A, Ruggeri A, Cadenaro M, Di Lenarda R, De Stefano DE....
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TL;DR: Besides self-etching dentin, specific functional monomers have additional chemical bonding efficacy that is expected to contribute to their adhesive potential to tooth tissue.
Abstract: Mild self-etch adhesives demineralize dentin only partially, leaving hydroxyapatite around collagen within a submicron hybrid layer. We hypothesized that this residual hydroxyapatite may serve as a receptor for chemical interaction with the functional monomer and, subsequently, contribute to adhesive performance in addition to micro-mechanical hybridization. We therefore chemically characterized the adhesive interaction of 3 functional monomers with synthetic hydroxyapatite, using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. We further characterized their interaction with dentin ultra-morphologically, using transmission electron microscopy. The monomer 10-methacryloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) readily adhered to hydroxyapatite. This bond appeared very stable, as confirmed by the low dissolution rate of its calcium salt in water. The bonding potential of 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitic acid (4-MET) was substantially lower. The monomer 2-methacryloxyethyl phenyl hydrogen phosphate (phenyl-P) and its bond to hydroxyapatite did not appear to be hydrolytically stable. Besides self-etching dentin, specific functional monomers have additional chemical bonding efficacy that is expected to contribute to their adhesive potential to tooth tissue.
1,035 citations
"State of the art of self-etch adhes..." refers background in this paper
...micro-mechanical interlocking is a prerequisite to achieve good bonding (certainly within clinical circumstances), the potential benefit of additional chemical interaction between functional monomers and tooth substrate components has recently regained attention [28,29]....
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...In this sense, the chemical bonding promoted by 10-MDP is not only more effective, but also more stable in water than that provided by 4-MET and phenyl-P, in this order [29]....
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...[29] Yoshida Y, Nagakane K, Fukuda R, Nakayama Y, Okazaki M, Shintani H, et al....
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...On the other hand, it also underlines the great advanage of mild self-etch adhesives as they keep collagen not only ncapsulated and thus protected by HAp, but also provide the otential to chemically interact with HAp [27,29]....
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...in 2004 using XPS (or X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy) [29]....
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TL;DR: It is hypothesized that collagen degradation occurred over time, via host-derived matrix metalloproteinases that are released slowly over time through proteolytic enzyme inhibitors or mineral oil.
Abstract: Incompletely infiltrated collagen fibrils in acid-etched dentin are susceptible to degradation. We hypothesize that degradation can occur in the absence of bacteria. Partially demineralized collagen matrices (DCMs) prepared from human dentin were stored in artificial saliva. Control specimens were stored in artificial saliva containing proteolytic enzyme inhibitors, or pure mineral oil. We retrieved them at 24 hrs, 90 and 250 days to examine the extent of degradation of DCM. In the 24-hour experimental and 90- and 250-day control specimens, we observed 5- to 6-microm-thick layers of DCM containing banded collagen fibrils. DCMs were almost completely destroyed in the 250-day experimental specimens, but not when incubated with enzyme inhibitors or mineral oil. Functional enzyme analysis of dentin powder revealed low levels of collagenolytic activity that was inhibited by protease inhibitors or 0.2% chlorhexidine. We hypothesize that collagen degradation occurred over time, via host-derived matrix metalloproteinases that are released slowly over time.
962 citations
"State of the art of self-etch adhes..." refers background in this paper
...[40] Pashley DH, Tay FR, Yiu C, Hashimoto M, Breschi L, Carvalho RM, et al....
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TL;DR: Comparison of retention of class-V adhesive restorations as a measure to determine clinical bonding effectiveness of adhesives revealed that glass‐ionomers most effectively and durably bond to tooth tissue.
744 citations
"State of the art of self-etch adhes..." refers background in this paper
...[1] Peumans M, Kanumilli P, De Munck J, Van Landuyt K, Lambrechts P, Van Meerbeek B....
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...Glass-ionomers have indeed been ecorded with the lowest annual failure rate with regard to lass-V adhesive restorations [1,26]....
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...Finally, inferior clinical performance of one-step adhesives confirmed the less favorable laboratory findings, while it must also be said that the latest generation of one-step adhesives definitely perform better [1,26]....
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