Statewide Implementation of Evidence-Based Programs
01 Jan 2013-Exceptional Children (SAGE PublicationsSage CA: Los Angeles, CA)-Vol. 79, Iss: 2, pp 213-230
TL;DR: In this article, a framework for developing state-level infrastructures for statewide implementation of evidence-based programs and other innovations in human services is presented. But the focus is not on generating evidence and determining degrees of rigor required to qualify practices and programs as "evidence-based".
Abstract: Evidence-based programs will be useful to the extent they produce benefits to individuals on a socially significant scale. It appears the combination of effective programs and effective implementation methods is required to assure consistent uses of programs and reliable benefits to children and families. To date, focus has been placed primarily on generating evidence and determining degrees of rigor required to qualify practices and programs as “evidence-based.” To be useful to society, the focus needs to shift to defining “programs” and to developing state-level infrastructures for statewide implementation of evidence-based programs and other innovations in human services. In this article, the authors explicate a framework for accomplishing these goals and discuss examples of the framework in use.
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1,550 citations
TL;DR: Six new EBPs were identified in this review, and one EBP from the previous review was removed, and the authors discuss implications for current practices and future research.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to identify evidenced-based, focused intervention practices for children and youth with autism spectrum disorder. This study was an extension and elaboration of a previous evidence-based practice review reported by Odom et al. (Prev Sch Fail 54:275–282, 2010b, doi:
10.1080/10459881003785506
). In the current study, a computer search initially yielded 29,105 articles, and the subsequent screening and evaluation process found 456 studies to meet inclusion and methodological criteria. From this set of research studies, the authors found 27 focused intervention practices that met the criteria for evidence-based practice (EBP). Six new EBPs were identified in this review, and one EBP from the previous review was removed. The authors discuss implications for current practices and future research.
1,206 citations
TL;DR: Early childhood inclusion of young children with disabilities over the last 25 years has been discussed in this article, where a brief history of early childhood inclusion is followed by a discussion of definition, terminology, and models for inclusive services.
Abstract: >> Issues affecting inclusion of young children with disabilities over the last 25 years are discussed. A brief history of early childhood inclusion is followed by a discussion of definition, terminology, and models for inclusive services. A summary of synthesis points derived from the research literature focuses on critical outcomes for children with disabilities, the role of specialized instruction, collaboration among professionals, necessary organizational supports, and benefits for typically developing children. Two recent directions affecting the implementation of inclusion, assessment of quality and Response to Intervention (RTI), are discussed. In addition, factors that may affect early childhood inclusion in the future are summarized.
308 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, PBIS is defined and the contributions of behavior analysis in shaping both the content and implementation of PBIS are reviewed.
Abstract: School-wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) is an example of applied behavior analysis implemented at a scale of social importance. In this paper, PBIS is defined and the contributions of behavior analysis in shaping both the content and implementation of PBIS are reviewed. Specific lessons learned from implementation of PBIS over the past 20 years are summarized.
242 citations
152 citations
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TL;DR: The search for scientific bases for confronting problems of social policy is bound to fail, becuase of the nature of these problems as discussed by the authors, whereas science has developed to deal with tame problems.
Abstract: The search for scientific bases for confronting problems of social policy is bound to fail, becuase of the nature of these problems. They are “wicked” problems, whereas science has developed to deal with “tame” problems. Policy problems cannot be definitively described. Moreover, in a pluralistic society there is nothing like the undisputable public good; there is no objective definition of equity; policies that respond to social problems cannot be meaningfully correct or false; and it makes no sense to talk about “optimal solutions” to social problems unless severe qualifications are imposed first. Even worse, there are no “solutions” in the sense of definitive and objective answers.
13,262 citations
"Statewide Implementation of Evidenc..." refers background in this paper
...Rittel and Webber (1973) described wicked problems as those that are difficult to define and that fight back when you try to solve them....
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TL;DR: A parsimonious and evidence-based model for considering the diffusion of innovations in health service organizations, clear knowledge gaps where further research should be focused, and a robust and transferable methodology for systematically reviewing health service policy and management are discussed.
Abstract: This article summarizes an extensive literature review addressing the question, How can we spread and sustain innovations in health service delivery and organization? It considers both content (defining and measuring the diffusion of innovation in organizations) and process (reviewing the literature in a systematic and reproducible way). This article discusses (1) a parsimonious and evidence-based model for considering the diffusion of innovations in health service organizations, (2) clear knowledge gaps where further research should be focused, and (3) a robust and transferable methodology for systematically reviewing health service policy and management. Both the model and the method should be tested more widely in a range of contexts.
6,140 citations
"Statewide Implementation of Evidenc..." refers background in this paper
...In this regard, the “letting it happen” and “helping it happen” approaches (Greenhalgh et al., 2004) have not been very productive in education or other fields....
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...Greenhalgh et al. (2004) identified another, newer category of activity they called “making it happen” (p. 593)....
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TL;DR: The collection of implementation data is an essential feature of program evaluations, and more information is needed on which and how various factors influence implementation in different community settings.
Abstract: The first purpose of this review was to assess the impact of implementation on program outcomes, and the second purpose was to identify factors affecting the implementation process. Results from over quantitative 500 studies offered strong empirical support to the conclusion that the level of implementation affects the outcomes obtained in promotion and prevention programs. Findings from 81 additional reports indicate there are at least 23 contextual factors that influence implementation. The implementation process is affected by variables related to communities, providers and innovations, and aspects of the prevention delivery system (i.e., organizational functioning) and the prevention support system (i.e., training and technical assistance). The collection of implementation data is an essential feature of program evaluations, and more information is needed on which and how various factors influence implementation in different community settings.
4,175 citations
"Statewide Implementation of Evidenc..." refers background in this paper
...However, given the paucity of information about programs, as described by Dane and Schneider (1998), Durlak and DuPre (2008), and others, implementation teams and external support groups may have to search to find the information (e.g., philosophy, values, and principles) or may have to do original…...
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...Durlak and DuPre (2008) estimated that evidence-based programs used with acceptable fidelity have effect sizes that are three to 12 times greater than those used with low fidelity....
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01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: The authors call for applied research to better understand service delivery processes and contextual factors to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of program implementation at local state and national levels.
Abstract: In the past few years several major reports highlighted the gap between our knowledge of effective treatments and services currently being received by consumers. These reports agree that we know much about interventions that are effective but make little use of them to help achieve important behavioral health outcomes for children families and adults nationally. This theme is repeated in reports by the Surgeon General (United States Department of Health and Human Services 1999; 2001) the National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH] National Advisory Mental Health Council Workgroup on Child and Adolescent Mental Health Intervention Development and Deployment (2001) Bernfeld Farrington & Leschied (2001) Institute of Medicine (2001) and the Presidents New Freedom Commission on Mental Health (2003). The authors call for applied research to better understand service delivery processes and contextual factors to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of program implementation at local state and national levels. Our understanding of how to develop and evaluate evidence-based intervention programs has been furthered by on-going efforts to research and refine programs and practices to define "evidence bases" and to designate and catalogue "evidence-based programs or practices". However the factors involved in successful implementation of these programs are not as well understood. Current views of implementation are based on the scholarly foundations prepared by Pressman & Wildavskys (1973) study of policy implementation Havelock & Havelocks (1973) classic curriculum for training change agents and Rogers (1983; 1995) series of analyses of factors influencing decisions to choose a given innovation. These foundations were tested and further informed by the experience base generated by pioneering attempts to implement Fairweather Lodges and National Follow-Through education models among others. Petersilia (1990) concluded that "The ideas embodied in innovative social programs are not self-executing." Instead what is needed is an "implementation perspective on innovation--an approach that views postadoption events as crucial and focuses on the actions of those who convert it into practice as the key to success or failure". (excerpt)
3,603 citations
"Statewide Implementation of Evidenc..." refers background or methods in this paper
...…evidence-based programs successfully for several years (Blase et al., 2005), and implementation stages and drivers established as a result of an extensive review and synthesis of the implementation evaluation literature (D. L. Fixsen et al., 2005; Wallace, Blase, Fixsen, & Naoom, 2008)....
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...For example, D. L. Fixsen et al. (2005) conducted an extensive review of the implementation evaluation literature, and Blase, Fixsen, Naoom, and Wallace (2005) provided qualitative reviews of best practices in use by successful purveyor groups and implementation teams....
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...Organizations often think of evidence-based programs as “plug and play” and are surprised by the need for preparation and resources (D. L. Fixsen et al., 2005)....
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...The data supporting the frameworks and their applications in multiple settings have been described in detail (D. L. Fixsen et al., 2005; D. L. Fixsen, Blase, Naoom, & Wallace, 2009; D. L. Fixsen, Blase, Duda, Naoom, & Van Dyke, 2010)....
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