Statistics of shallow water rogue waves in Baltic Sea conditions: The case of Tallinn Bay
08 May 2012-pp 1-6
TL;DR: In this paper, the properties of rogue waves in shallow water are analyzed based on records of sea surface elevation in Tallinn Bay, the Baltic Sea, measured at the water depth 2.7 m from 17 June to 1 July 2009 at a recording frequency of 5 Hz.
Abstract: The properties of rogue waves in shallow water are analyzed based on records of sea surface elevation in Tallinn Bay, the Baltic Sea, measured at the water depth 2.7 m from 17 June to 1 July 2009 at a recording frequency of 5 Hz. The data set contains rogue waves, which occur in relatively calm weather conditions. Rogue waves are identified as those, whose wave height is at least twice larger than the significant wave height. The results obtained by both methods up-crossing and down-crossing are analyzed and compared. The statistics of rogue wave heights is studied together with the statistics of rogue wave crests and rogue wave troughs.
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04 May 2015
TL;DR: The Curriculum Vitae and Elulookirjeldus as mentioned in this paper have been used to define Resümee, a curriculum vitae for the English language arts.
Abstract: ................................................................................................. 96 Resümee .................................................................................................. 97 Appendix A: Curriculum Vitae ............................................................ 98 Appendix B: Elulookirjeldus .............................................................. 106
49 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the evolution of unidirectional nonlinear sea surface waves is calculated numerically by means of solution of the Euler equations, and wave dynamics correspond to quasi-equilibrium states characterized by JONSWAP spectra.
Abstract: The evolution of unidirectional nonlinear sea surface waves is calculated numerically by means of solution of the Euler equations. The wave dynamics corresponds to quasi-equilibrium states characterized by JONSWAP spectra. The spatiotemporal data are collected and processed providing information about the wave height probability and typical appearance of abnormally high waves (rogue waves). The waves are considered at different water depths ranging from deep to relatively shallow cases (k
p
h > 0.8, where k
p is the peak wavenumber, and h is the local depth). The asymmetry between front and rear rogue wave slopes is identified; it becomes apparent for sufficiently high waves in rough sea states at all considered depths k
p
h ≥ 1.2. The lifetimes of rogue events may reach up to 30–60 wave periods depending on the water depth. The maximum observed wave has a height of about three significant wave heights. A few randomly chosen in situ time series from the Baltic Sea are in agreement with the general picture of the numerical simulations.
16 citations
Cites background or result from "Statistics of shallow water rogue w..."
...The details of the relevant in situ experiments in the Baltic Sea may be found in Didenkulova and Anderson (2010), Didenkulova (2011), Didenkulova and Rodin (2012)....
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...This result is in agreement with in situ observations in the coastal zone of the Baltic Sea under rather mild weather conditions (Didenkulova and Rodin 2012)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a combination of sea state parameters that provide guidance on the sea state influence on rogue wave occurrence is provided. But the authors do not consider the effect of the number of waves in the wave record.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new exceeding probability distribution for rogue waves and the analysis of their uneven occurrence is conceived based on the issue of strong uneven distribution of rogue waves found in Stansell (2004).
7 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the evolution of unidirectional nonlinear sea surface waves is calculated numerically by means of solutions of the Euler equations, and wave dynamics correspond to quasi-equilibrium states characterized by JONSWAP spectra.
Abstract: The evolution of unidirectional nonlinear sea surface waves is calculated numerically by means of solutions of the Euler equations. The wave dynamics corresponds to quasi-equilibrium states characterized by JONSWAP spectra. The spatio-temporal data are collected and processed providing information about the wave height probability and typical appearance of abnormally high waves (rogue waves). The waves are considered at different water depths ranging from deep to relatively shallow cases ($k_p h > 0.8$, where $k_p$ is the peak wavenumber, and $h$ is the local depth). The asymmetry between front and rear rogue wave slopes is identified; it becomes apparent for sufficiently high waves in rough sea states at all considered depths. The lifetimes of rogue events may reach up to 30-60 wave periods depending on the water depth. The maximum observed wave has height of about 3 significant wave heights. A few randomly chosen in-situ time series from the Baltic Sea are in agreement with the general picture of the numerical simulations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the evidence of rogue wave existence all over the world during last five years (2006-2010) has been collected based mainly on mass media sources and only events associated with damage and human loss are included.
Abstract: . The evidence of rogue wave existence all over the world during last five years (2006–2010) has been collected based mainly on mass media sources. Only events associated with damage and human loss are included. The waves occurred not only in deep and shallow zones of the World Ocean, but also at the coast, where they were manifested as either sudden flooding of the coast or high splashes over steep banks or sea walls. From the total number of 131 reported events, 78 were identified as evidence of rogue waves (which are expected to be at least twice larger than the significant wave height). The background significant wave height was estimated from the satellite wave data. The rogue waves at the coast, where the significant wave height is unknown or meaningless, were selected based on their unexpectedness and hazardous character. The statistics built on the selected 78 events suggests that extreme waves cause more damage in shallow waters and at the coast than in the deep sea and can be used for hazard assessment of the rogue wave phenomenon.
129 citations
"Statistics of shallow water rogue w..." refers background in this paper
...It has been shown in [1-3] that most of accidents which result in human loss and ship damage occur in the nearshore....
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...Seven ship losses and 14 ship damages were reported in shallow waters [1]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the formation of rogue waves in nonlinear hyperbolic systems with an application to nonlinear shallow-water waves is studied in the framework of nonlinear hypersphere.
Abstract: The formation of rogue waves is studied in the framework of nonlinear hyperbolic systems with an application to nonlinear shallow-water waves. It is shown that the nonlinearity in the random Riemann (travelling) wave, which manifests in the steeping of the face-front of the wave, does not lead to extreme wave formation. At the same time, the strongly nonlinear Riemann wave cannot be described by the Gaussian statistics for all components of the wave field. It is shown that rogue waves can appear in nonlinear hyperbolic systems only in the result of nonlinear wave–wave or/and wave–bottom interaction. Two special cases of wave interaction with a vertical wall (interaction of two Riemann waves propagating in opposite directions) and wave transformation in the basin of variable depth are studied in detail. Open problems of the rogue wave occurrence in nonlinear hyperbolic systems are discussed.
77 citations
"Statistics of shallow water rogue w..." refers result in this paper
...This statistics confirms some results presented in [7, 8] and also demonstrates some different effects, which is rather typical for rogue waves in shallow water, which are very much bathymetry-dependent [9, 10]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the characteristics of occurrence of coastal freak waves and investigate their statistical and spectral structures, according to Ochi's definition of freewords and their spectral properties.
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to describe the characteristics of occurrence of coastal freak waves and to investigate their statistical and spectral structures. According to Ochi's definition of fre...
75 citations
"Statistics of shallow water rogue w..." refers background in this paper
...At the moment, the number of studies of rogue events in the coastal zone is rather limited and is reflected in the following publications [4-8]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors give an overview on the problem of rogue or freak wave formation in the ocean, which is a sporadic occurrence of unexpectedly high waves on the sea surface These waves cause serious danger for sailing and sea use.
Abstract: In this essay we give an overview on the problem of rogue or freak wave formation in the ocean The matter of the phenomenon is a sporadic occurrence of unexpectedly high waves on the sea surface These waves cause serious danger for sailing and sea use A number of huge wave accidents resulted in damages, ship losses and people injuries and deaths are known Now marine researchers do believe that these waves belong to a specific kind of sea waves, not taken into account by conventional models for sea wind waves This paper addresses to the nature of the rogue wave problem from the general viewpoint based on the wave process ideas We start introducing some primitive elements of sea wave physics with the purpose to pave the way for the further discussion We discuss linear physical mechanisms which are responsible for high wave formation, at first Then, we proceed with description of different sea conditions, starting from the open deep sea, and approaching the sea cost Nonlinear effects which are able to cause rogue waves are emphasised In conclusion we briefly discuss the generality of the physical mechanisms suggested for the rogue wave explanation; they are valid for rogue wave phenomena in other media such as solid matters, superconductors, plasmas and nonlinear optics
68 citations
TL;DR: The data of rogue wave accidents reported in mass media during 2006-2010 years are collected and analyzed in this paper, where 106 events are classified by their validity as true (78) and possible (28) and by the location of their occurrence: they distinguish deep, shallow and coastal rogue waves, which occurred in deep/shallow waters or at the coast.
Abstract: The data of rogue wave accidents reported in mass media during 2006–2010 years are collected and analysed. The collection includes 106 events, which are classified by their validity as true (78) and possible (28) and by the location of their occurrence: we distinguish deep, shallow and coastal rogue waves, which occurred in deep/shallow waters or at the coast. The validity of the event has been estimated by the rogue wave height, which should be twice larger than the significant wave height (significant wave height has been taken from satellite data), and/or by the associated hazard. It is shown that rogue waves cause especially high damage in shallow waters and at the coast.
55 citations
"Statistics of shallow water rogue w..." refers background in this paper
...It has been shown in [1-3] that most of accidents which result in human loss and ship damage occur in the nearshore....
[...]