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Steel space structures
01 Jan 1965-
About: The article was published on 1965-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 21 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Space (mathematics).
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe six full-scale tests performed on spatial structures to investigate their structural response, up to collapse, of simple eccentric and reinforced eccentric nodes, and a study of structural reinforcements, created to improve the structural load carrying capacity and minimise deflections, is also one of the main foci of the present paper.
Abstract: The use of tubular space frames made of continuous chord members has substantially increased over the last few years. This growth is mainly due to lower fabrication costs and high erection speed associated with these structural systems. The chord members are usually made of cold-formed shapes or tubes. The connection between the chords and diagonal members is commonly made by staking end-flattened diagonal members over the chords linked by a single large diameter bolt. In spite of this fact, the actual structural behaviour of these connections is still not fully understood. This paper describes six full-scale tests performed on spatial structures to investigate their structural response. Based on these experiments, the structural behaviour, up to collapse, of simple eccentric and reinforced eccentric nodes was discussed. A study of structural reinforcements, created to improve the structural load carrying capacity and minimise deflections, is also one of the main foci of the present paper.
16 citations
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: The aim of using the term two-way-fold-deployable for new structures, is to distinguish them from scissors structures, named similarly in [6] — two way deployable structures.
Abstract: Two-way-fold-deployable structures is a term proposed for deployable structures which have ability to deploy in two orthogonal directions and consist of planar non-deforming elements. The research on them is inspired by the idea of two-way folding a plane presented in [1] as well as the results attained in two different types of deployable structures, both known from spectacular realizations built in Seville: scissors structures (Cover on the Swimming Pool designed by Escrig, Sanchez and Valcarcel [2] [3]) and one-way-fold-deployable structures (Venezuelian Pavilion designed for EXPO’92 by Zalewski and Hernandez [4][5]). The aim of using the term two-way-fold-deployable for new structures, is to distinguish them from scissors structures, named similarly in [6] — two way deployable structures.
11 citations
TL;DR: A geometrical linear finite element model is introduced and validated by the on-axis loading test; the structural performance of the one-rut truss subjected to off-axis load was numerically obtained; the dissimilarities of the structuralperformance between the two different loading cases are investigated in detail.
Abstract: A novel hybrid FRP-aluminum truss system has been employed in a two-rut modular bridge superstructure composed of twin inverted triangular trusses. The actual flexural behavior of a one-rut truss has been previously investigated under the on-axis loading test; however, the structural performance of the one-rut truss subjected to an off-axis load is still not fully understood. In this paper, a geometrical linear finite element model is introduced and validated by the on-axis loading test; the structural performance of the one-rut truss subjected to off-axis load was numerically obtained; the dissimilarities of the structural performance between the two different loading cases are investigated in detail. The results indicated that (1) the structural behavior of the off-axis load differs from that of the on-axis load, and the off-axis load is the critical loading condition controlling the structural performance of the triangular truss; (2) under the off-axis load, the FRP trussed members and connectors bear certain out-of-plane bending moments and are subjected to a complicated stress state; and (3) the stress state of these members does not match that of the initial design, and optimization for the redesign of these members is needed, especially for the pretightened teeth connectors.
10 citations
Cites background from "Steel space structures"
...Among these various cross section trusses, the triangular truss shows remarkable structural advantages over the conventional plane and rectangular trusses, such as the evident weight and material savings compared to the rectangular truss [1], the excellent torsional properties compared to the plane truss [2], and the lower number of joints compared to the rectangular truss [3]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the feasibility of 3 medium span spliced spline stressed membranes is examined for canopy structures of stadia cladding such as the Gottlieb-Daimler Stadium.
Abstract: This papers examines the feasibility of 3 medium span (16m - 32m) spliced spline stressed membranes. Medium span slender arch systems have been used for canopy structures of stadia cladding such as the Gottlieb-Daimler Stadium. Lateral bracing by the membrane means that the arch can be slender and flexible. Flexibility and lightness fit in well with the design of pre-stressed structures that are themselves flexible and adjust to applied loads. The presented membrane structures are designed bearing in mind their deployability (as necessary for temporary tents) and offer a good simple alternative to medium span high maintenance pneumatics covering squash courts or swimming pools.
10 citations
Dissertation•
28 Aug 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of the progressive collapse of full scale square-on-square double-layer space truss (DLST) systems was conducted and the results obtained are presented in the thesis.
Abstract: This study deals with the progressive collapse of full scale square-on-square double-layer space truss (DLST) systems. The failure of certain space structures in recent years, ranging from a lattice dome in Romania, Burcharest 1963 to the DLST in Hartford USA, 1978 and the recent collapse of the Sultan Zainal Abidin Stadium, a double-layer space frame constructed in Malaysia, 2009, gives an insight into how sensitive some space structures are to progressive collapse. These tragic incidents have provided very valuable lessons for designers of the importance of understanding progressive collapse in these structural configurations. By understanding what caused such failures engineers may avoid any reoccurrence and in addition help to develop safer structures. Hence, a study of this particular problem has been conducted and the results obtained are presented in the thesis.
Evaluation on the consequences of progressive collapse leads to the determination of structural Vulnerability Index due to sudden loss of an individual member (Case 1) or losses of members progressively (Case 2). In order to trace the collapse behavior a nonlinear analysis subject to increasing applied load was used. However, it is difficult for engineers to perform this nonlinear analysis due to its complexity. Hence, a simple linear analysis as an alternative method was used whereby assessment of Vulnerability Index using linear analysis is carried out using two different approaches, i.e. Rate Factor and Probabilistic Approach. Since a DLST has large number of members which correspond to a large data set, hence, these two proposed approaches are suitable. A close statistical correlation between both approaches indicates that there is a high correlation between both approaches. To ensure reliability of the proposed approaches, their results are compared using nonlinear collapse analysis and the results are found to be in good agreement. The solution strategy used to analyse the full scale models was first tested using small scale models. The numerical results of the small scale models have been verified with pre-existing experimental results and good agreements between the results are obtained. Behavior of each DLST member and also the overall structural behavior can be obtained from the nonlinear analysis. There are three different boundary conditions of the DLSTs considered. Vulnerability of the DLSTs susceptible to progressive collapse are identified and then are compared for the identification of efficient structures. The Vulnerability Index of the DLST helps engineers to discover failures that may occur due to damage or loss of its members.
10 citations
Cites background from "Steel space structures"
...So, this skeleton can be thin and light, but yet if correctly designed it can support the weight of the whole structure (Makowski, 1965)....
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