Proceedings ArticleDOI
Steganalysis of additive-noise modelable information hiding
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TLDR
In this article, it is shown that these embedding methods are equivalent to a lowpass filtering of histograms that is quantified by a decrease in the HCF center of mass (COM), which is exploited in known scheme detection to classify unaltered and spread spectrum images using a bivariate classifier.Abstract:
The process of information hiding is modeled in the context of additive noise. Under an independence assumption, the histogram of the stegomessage is a convolution of the noise probability mass function (PMF) and the original histogram. In the frequency domain this convolution is viewed as a multiplication of the histogram characteristic function (HCF) and the noise characteristic function. Least significant bit, spread spectrum, and DCT hiding methods for images are analyzed in this framework. It is shown that these embedding methods are equivalent to a lowpass filtering of histograms that is quantified by a decrease in the HCF center of mass (COM). These decreases are exploited in a known scheme detection to classify unaltered and spread spectrum images using a bivariate classifier. Finally, a blind detection scheme is built that uses only statistics from unaltered images. By calculating the Mahalanobis distance from a test COM to the training distribution, a threshold is used to identify steganographic images. At an embedding rate of 1 b.p.p. greater than 95% of the stegoimages are detected with false alarm rate of 5%.read more
Citations
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Book
Digital Watermarking and Steganography
TL;DR: This new edition now contains essential information on steganalysis and steganography, and digital watermark embedding is given a complete update with new processes and applications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rich Models for Steganalysis of Digital Images
Jessica Fridrich,Jan Kodovsky +1 more
TL;DR: A novel general strategy for building steganography detectors for digital images by assembling a rich model of the noise component as a union of many diverse submodels formed by joint distributions of neighboring samples from quantized image noise residuals obtained using linear and nonlinear high-pass filters.
Journal ArticleDOI
Steganalysis by Subtractive Pixel Adjacency Matrix
TL;DR: A method for detection of steganographic methods that embed in the spatial domain by adding a low-amplitude independent stego signal, an example of which is least significant bit (LSB) matching.
Journal ArticleDOI
LSB matching revisited
TL;DR: The proposed modification to the least-significant-bit (LSB) matching, a steganographic method for embedding message bits into a still image, shows better performance than traditional LSB matching in terms of distortion and resistance against existing steganalysis.
Book ChapterDOI
Using high-dimensional image models to perform highly undetectable steganography
TL;DR: A complete methodology for designing practical and highly-undetectable stegosystems for real digital media and explains why high-dimensional models might be problem in steganalysis, and introduces HUGO, a new embedding algorithm for spatial-domain digital images and its performance with LSB matching.
References
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Theory of Spread-Spectrum Communications--A Tutorial
TL;DR: It is the intention of this paper to provide a tutorial treatment of the theory of spread-spectrum communications, including a discussion on the applications referred to, on the properties of common spreading sequences, and on techniques that can be used for acquisition and tracking.
Journal ArticleDOI
Quantization
Robert M. Gray,David L. Neuhoff +1 more
TL;DR: The key to a successful quantization is the selection of an error criterion – such as entropy and signal-to-noise ratio – and the development of optimal quantizers for this criterion.