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Proceedings ArticleDOI

Steganography techniques for ECG signals : A survey

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TLDR
Various ECG Steganography techniques that have been used by researchers are discussed; in which patient details and diagnosis report are embedded into ECG signals.
Abstract
Medical Images have been widely used to diagnose and detect the abnormalities in the human body. In this study, we have focused on ECG (Electrocardiography) signals which play a vital role in diagnosing Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD). CVD is most prevalent among the people because of changing lifestyle, Age, Tobacco, etc. According to the WHO (World Health Organization) report in 2012, around 17 million people die each year because of CVD, which represents 31% of the overall death rate. Due to the advancement in the e-Health care system, most of the ECG signals along with the patient's sensitive data are transmitted among doctors and hospitals for detailed analysis. According to the HIPAA act, it should be made sure that patient's details are to be sent securely during the transmission. In this study various ECG Steganography techniques that have been used by researchers are discussed; in which patient details and diagnosis report are embedded into ECG signals.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Optimizing Wavelet ECG Watermarking to Maintain Measurement Performance According to Industrial Standard

TL;DR: Experimental work on the assessment of the loss of ECG (electrocardiogram signal) diagnostic quality from the industrial standard EN60601-2-25:2015 point of view is presented and the Symlet of 11-th order is found as the best of the wavelets that were tested.
Journal ArticleDOI

A New Wavelet Based Steganography Method for Securing Medical Data

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors proposed a solution combining data encryption techniques and multiscale signal analysis for securing patients' confidential data, where the confidential patient information and the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal are first encrypted with the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) method.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

Integrating the Exercise and Environmental Data Into a Digital ECG Structure by Watermarking Technique

TL;DR: A method for integrating the exercise and environmental data into a digital ECG structure by watermarking technique is presented and it is proved the watermarked ECG to maintain the wave borders accuracy within tolerance limits.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia

TL;DR: It is argued that insertion of a watermark under this regime makes the watermark robust to signal processing operations and common geometric transformations provided that the original image is available and that it can be successfully registered against the transformed watermarked image.
Journal ArticleDOI

Expansion Embedding Techniques for Reversible Watermarking

TL;DR: The experimental results for many standard test images show that prediction-error expansion doubles the maximum embedding capacity when compared to difference expansion, and there is a significant improvement in the quality of the watermarked image, especially at moderate embedding capacities.
Journal ArticleDOI

Wavelet-Based ECG Steganography for Protecting Patient Confidential Information in Point-of-Care Systems

TL;DR: A wavelet-based steganography technique has been introduced which combines encryption and scrambling technique to protect patient confidential data and it is found that the proposed technique provides high-security protection for patients data with low distortion and ECG data remain diagnosable after watermarking.
Journal ArticleDOI

A Cryptographic Key Management Solution for HIPAA Privacy/Security Regulations

TL;DR: In this paper, a flexible cryptographic key management solution is proposed to facilitate interoperations among the applied cryptographic mechanisms to comply with the HIPAA regulations.
Journal ArticleDOI

Watermarking Techniques used in Medical Images: a Survey

TL;DR: This paper aims to provide a useful survey on watermarking and offer a clear perspective for interested researchers by analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of different existing methods.
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