Storage and Flow of Solids
01 Jan 1964-
About: The article was published on 1964-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 585 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Flow (mathematics).
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the discrete element method (DEM) where each particle is tracked for its position, velocity, and acceleration, and the typical shift from mass flow to funnel flow depending on the hopper angle was successfully simulated.
Abstract: Flow characteristics of material in hoppers, silos, and bins are critical issues for operational stability as well as structural integrity of these units. In this work, flow of noncohesive particles in hopper is studied using the discrete element method (DEM) where each particle is tracked for its position, velocity, and acceleration. Material properties tend to alter during hopper flow due to compaction, expansion, and segregation. These features are difficult to model with a continuum approach. In the first part, material flow patterns are correlated with hopper angle and hopper opening, the two main design parameters. The typical shift from mass flow to funnel flow depending on the hopper angle was successfully simulated. In the second part, the discharge rate of material was quantitatively analyzed as function of hopper design parameters. Beverloo model 1 was tested on these simulated flow rates and it was shown that the simulated flow rates follow the model for this specific granular system. However,...
37 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a comparative analysis of the methodes de mesure de l'ecoulement des poudres of laitieres is presented, and quelques recommandations relatives a l'usage and l'exploitation des resultats.
Abstract: L'ecoulement des poudres de produits laitiers. L'article etudie et classifie les methodes de mesure de l'ecoulement des poudres, et s'interesse a leurs possibilites d'application aux poudres laitieres. Il analyse et discute les difficultes, risques d'evolution de produits et heterogeneite des pratiques, et insiste sur les diverses precautions a prendre. De l'analyse comparative des methodes se degagent quelques recommandations relatives a l'usage et l'exploitation des resultats. Cette comparaison conduit a recommander la methode de l'analyseur de proprietes physiques Hosokawa. Les mesures de proprietes comportementales, indices d'ecoulement et de foisonnement (proprietes fusantes) de 53 poudres d'industries laitieres sont presentees avec d'autres elements de caracterisation et discutees.
37 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focused on how addition of sweet whey powder before (co-sprayed) or after spray drying (dry mixed) affected the physical, flow, thermal and reconstitution properties of Danbo cheese powder.
36 citations
01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: The major causes of silo failures are because of shortcomings in one or more of four categories: design, construction, usage, and maintenance as mentioned in this paper, with examples and lessons learned.
Abstract: Although statistics are not available, hundreds of industrial and farm silos, bins and hoppers experience some degree of failure each year. Sometimes the failure is a complete and dramatic structural collapse. Other times the failure is not as dramatic or as obvious. For example, cracks may form in a concrete wall, or dents in a steel shell, either of which might appear harmless to the casual observer. Nevertheless, these are danger signals which indicate that corrective measures are probably required. The economic cost of a silo failure is never small. The owner faces the immediate costs of lost production and repairs, personnel in the vicinity are exposed to significant danger, and the designer and builder face possible litigation because of their liability exposure. The major causes of silo failures are because of shortcomings in one or more of four categories: design, construction, usage, and maintenance. Each of these is explored in this chapter, with examples and lessons learned.
36 citations
01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of four levels of solubles and five levels of moisture content (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30%) on the resulting flow properties of DDGS was investigated.
Abstract: Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) are an excellent source of energy, minerals, and bypass protein for ruminants and are used in monogastric rations as well. With the remarkable growth of the US fuel ethanol industry in the past decade, large quantities of distillers grains are now being produced. Flow of DDGS is often restricted by caking and bridging during its storage and transportation. In our previous works, the Carr powder tester was used to measure various flow properties of DDGS. The objective of this study was to measure the flow properties (cohesion, effective angle of friction, internal angle of friction, yield locus, flow function, major consolidating stress, and unconfined yield strength) of DDGS using the Jenike shear tester. This work investigated the influence of four levels of solubles (10, 15, 20, and 25% db) and five levels of moisture content (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30% db) on the resulting flow properties of DDGS. With an increase in soluble levels, the flow function curves of DDGS shift in an anticlockwise direction towards the shear stress (sc) axis. Depending on the soluble level, above certain moisture contents, the moisture actually began acting as a lubricant, easing the flow of the DDGS. Also, with higher solubles and moisture levels, the compressibility of DDGS was found to increase. Overall, the DDGS was classified as a cohesive material, and it is likely to produce cohesive arching problems.
36 citations