Storage and Flow of Solids
01 Jan 1964-
About: The article was published on 1964-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 585 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Flow (mathematics).
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TL;DR: The PFT (Powder Flow Tester) as discussed by the authors is a powder flow tester from Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc. The basic function includes the measurement and calculation of Flow Function, Wall Friction, Bulk Density, Time Consolidation Test with Flow Function.
Abstract: Researching of Powder flow behavior is an important issue in many new material industries. But the familiar method used does not meet the requirement actually. This article introduced the PFT (Powder Flow Tester) from Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc. It complies with the ASTM D 6128. The basic function includes the measurement and calculation of Flow Function, Wall Friction, Bulk Density, Time Consolidation Test with Flow Function, Arching Dimension, Rat-hole Dimension, Hopper Half Angle etc.
6 citations
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: In this article, the principle of shear testing is explained and how the results of a shear test can be applied on the optimization of powder flow in a process, either by modification of the flow properties of the powder, or by equipment design based on the powder properties.
Abstract: In the present paper the principle of shear testing is explained. Further, it is shown how the results of a shear test can be applied on the optimization of powder flow in a process, either by modification of the flow properties of the powder, or by equipment design based on the powder properties.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a sigmoid model suitably described the grinding kinetics of Adzuki beans (Phaseolus angularis, AB), also known as red beans, at constant moisture content (14.32%± 0.23%) and the flow properties of the AB flour were analyzed.
Abstract: The grinding characteristics of Adzuki beans (Phaseolus angularis, AB), also known as red beans, at constant moisture content (14.32% ± 0.23) and the flow properties of the AB flour were analyzed. A sigmoid model suitably described the grinding kinetics of the AB flour (R2 > 0.98). Flow properties of the AB flour having different particle sizes were measured, and the powder flow properties were applied for designing a hopper design. At the smallest particle size (d[3,2] = 267.09 μm), the ratio of change in the bulk density increased from 2.52 to 13.51% as the particle size decreased from d[3,2] = 1,560.43 to 267.09 μm. After image analysis, particles with more circular shapes showed a lower internal friction angle. Because of the lower flow ability, the smallest particle required larger values of the hopper angle and a larger minimum size of the hopper opening.
Practical Applications
Adzuki bean flour is widely applied in the food processing industry, and many mixing and packing processes require a suitable dimension of hopper. Because powder flow characteristics determine the efficiency of transportation through a hopper in the silo, it is very important to identify the powder flow behavior of a hopper design while avoiding arching, which is a stable obstruction that forms over the point of the narrowest cross section of the storage vessel. Therefore, the hopper angle and the opening size should be enough to avoid arching. This study estimated the energy consumption required to obtain particles of a certain size for designing the grinding process and determined a suitable dimension for hoppers that process different particle sizes.
6 citations
01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a review of the use of manure in agriculture and discuss the impacts of increased Nutrients on the environment, including the effects of increased nitrogen on the ground water.
Abstract: ii RESUME iv ACKOWLEDGEMENTS vi FORMAT OF THESIS vii CONTRIBUTION OF AUTHORS ix TABLE OF CONTENTS x LIST OF TABLES xiv LIST OF FIGURES xvi NOMENCLATURE xix I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 II. GENERAL OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE 6 2.1 Objectives 6 2.2 Scope 7 III. LITERATURE REVIEW 8 3.1 Use of Manure in Agriculture 8 3.2 Composition of Pig Manure 9 3.3 Environmental Concerns 10 3.4 Environmental Impacts of Increased Nutrients 10 3.4.1 Forest ecosystems 10 3.4.2 Lake ecosystems 11 3.4.3 Ground water 12 3.5 Methods to Reduce Nutrient Excretion in Swine 14 3.5.1 Diet manipulation 15 3.5.1a Phosphorus (Phytase) 15 3.5.1b Nitrogen 16 3.5.1b.i Ideal protein concept 17 3.5.1b.ii Phase feeding 18 3.5.1c Zeolite 19 3.5.2 Stimulation of practical solutions at the farm level 22
5 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the extent of particle rearrangement and the degree of anisotropy for uni-axial compaction of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by Discrete Element method simulations are evaluated using the elastoplastic cohesive hysteretic Edinburgh contact model.
Abstract: The goal of the present study is to assess the extent of particle rearrangement and the degree of anisotropy for uni-axial compaction of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by Discrete Element method simulations. The elasto-plastic cohesive hysteretic Edinburgh contact model is hereby considered. First, a calibration strategy for all required collisional, frictional, or cohesion input parameters is presented. A dual approach combining direct determination tests (e.g., nano-indentation or inverse gas chromatography) and indirect fitting tests (e.g., tumbling drum test) provides the final set of property values. Second, the uni-axial compaction of MCC for a range of target compaction pressures and different primary particle dispersities (mono- and polydisperse) is conducted. The anisotropic behavior of compaction is analyzed by computing averaged quantities such as the deviatoric term and the maximum difference between characteristic roots of the fabric tensor. The results depict a remaining degree of anisotropy after compaction, depending on the maximum compaction pressure and particle dispersity, which does not fully recover after powder decompression.
5 citations