Book•
Story and Discourse: Narrative Structure in Fiction and Film
31 May 1980-
About: The article was published on 1980-05-31 and is currently open access. It has received 1885 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Narrative structure & Narrative criticism.
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07 Jun 1988
TL;DR: A discourse process that recognizes characters' thoughts and perceptions in third-person narrative and an algorithm that uses the results of the discourse process to understand references with respect to an appropriate set of beliefs is presented.
Abstract: Narrative passages told from a character's perspective convey the character's thoughts and perceptions. We present a discourse process that recognizes characters' thoughts and perceptions in third-person narrative. An effect of perspective on reference in narrative is addressed: references in passages told from the perspective of a character reflect the character's beliefs. An algorithm that uses the results of our discourse process to understand references with respect to an appropriate set of beliefs is presented.
47 citations
Dissertation•
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: The authors argue that faith in Hebrews is expressed in four dimensions: Christological, eschatological, ethical, and ecclesiological, and that faith is exemplified and enabled by Jesus who in faith endured suffering to death (ethical) in hopes of postmortem life (eschatological).
Abstract: This thesis investigates faith and the faithfulness of Jesus in Hebrews. Preceding studies have understated the christological dimension of faith or have made Jesus the object of faith. Furthermore, while Kasemann emphasized the corporate motif of the travelling people of God for Hebrews, most interpreters still operate with a largely individualistic concept of faith. I argue that faith in Hebrews is manifested in four dimensions: christological, eschatological, ethical, and ecclesiological. That is, faith is exemplified and enabled by Jesus (christological dimension), who in faith endured suffering to death (ethical) in hopes of postmortem life (eschatological). Humans exercise this faith by persevering with the travelling people of God (ecclesiological). I read Hebrews with an eye to story, and the thesis is organized with these narrative concerns in view. Chapter 2 lays the exegetical and philosophical foundations for such an approach to Hebrews, arguing that Hebrews operates with stories and that human identity is itself a story. Our treatment of Hebrews deals with the two narrative identities the author presents, which are laid out succinctly in Heb 10:39: “but we are not (story 1) of timidity unto destruction (u`postolh/j eivj avpw,leian), but (story 2) of faith unto the preservation of the soul (pi,stewj eivj peripoi,hsin yuch/j).” I discuss these two stories in parts 2 and 3 of the thesis. Part 2 of the thesis (chapters 3-5) addresses “the default human story.” We find that the default human story is characterized by unfaithfulness and concludes assuredly in death. Although God intended glory, honor, and dominion for humanity (Heb 2:6-8), we do not at present see this divine intention fulfilled. Instead, humans are shackled by a guilty conscience and are inherently unfaithful. The assured conclusion of death holds true even for Israel’s heroes of faith, who did not receive the promise and are not made perfect (11:13, 39-40). Although these chapters do not address faith per se they are necessary pieces to fill out the whole vision of the understanding of faith in Hebrews. To understand “faith” fully, we need to understand “unfaith.” Part 3 of the thesis (chapters 6-8) discusses the story rewritten in Christ. This story, lived out perfectly by Jesus, is characterized by faith in the face of death and concludes assuredly in postmortem life. Hebrews depicts Jesus in martyrological terms, whose faith is associated with endurance through suffering in hope of postmortem reward. The conclusion to the story of faith is assured because the pioneer of faith is also the perfecter who successfully realized life after death. Part 4 of the thesis (chapter 9) addresses how human beings exercise faith. The question of how a person first participates in the story of faith is difficult, since the author of Hebrews never speaks to this question directly. However, looking at how the author expects humans to exercise faith after they are “in” may offer a glimpse into the way humans can “get in.” I argue Jesus’ faithfulness in sacrifice enables humans to exercise faith, and we subsequently follow the model of Jesus’ faith (christological dimension), moving forward in hope of postmortem life (eschatological). In the present, faith entails endurance to the end (ethical), and this endurance likely involves suffering. Ultimately, we find that the author of Hebrews expects humans to join together with others being faithful (ecclesiological dimension), “going to Jesus outside the camp, bearing his reproach” (13:13).
47 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a taxonomy for different textual strategies that establish unreliable narration is suggested, with a special attention to the position of A. Nunning, who claims that the detection of a narrator's unreliability is an act of naturalization, with reference to Culler.
Abstract: The concept of the unreliable narrator is among the most discussed in current narratology. From being considered a text-internal matter between the personified narrator and the implied author by Booth, or the implied reader by Chatman, cognitive and constructivist narrative theorists like A. Nunning have described it as a reader-dependent issue. The detection of a narrator's unreliability is an act of 'naturalization,' he claims, with reference to Culler. This article concentrates on this long and ongoing debate and considers the different approaches critically with special attention to the position of A. Nunning. In the final section, a four-category taxonomy for the different textual strategies that establishes unreliable narration is suggested. The headlines for the taxonomy are intranarrational unreliability, internarrational unreliability, intertextual unreliability, and extratextual unreliability.
47 citations
Book•
30 Sep 2013TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss stories, institutions, and spaces, and interview respondents and interview schedule are presented, as well as interview respondents' responses to questions about stories and institutions.
Abstract: Introduction. Comme il faut 1. Identities and stories 2. Black places 3. Ordinary stories 4. Home, sweet home 5. White fences Conclusion: stories, institutions, and spaces Appendix. Interview respondents and interview schedule.
46 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, personal narratives are used as a useful paradigm for conceptualizing the predispositions with which subjects arrive for their visit to a cathedral, and the imposition of an obligatory admission charge sits uneasily alongside visitors' perception that a cathedral is public territory.
Abstract: Research was undertaken into the experiential nature of a visit to a cathedral as heritage visitor attraction. Qualitative data from focus group discussion exposed the nature of the consumption experience prior to, during, and after the visit. The experience was romantic and primarily emotional, a product of affective and reflective processes. Personal narratives are posited as a useful paradigm for conceptualising the predispositions with which subjects arrive for their visit. Implications for visitor management are that promotional and interpretive literature should emphasise connection with human continuity, rather than human works; and the imposition of an obligatory admission charge sits uneasily alongside visitors’ perception that a cathedral is public territory.
46 citations