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Story and Discourse: Narrative Structure in Fiction and Film
31 May 1980-
About: The article was published on 1980-05-31 and is currently open access. It has received 1885 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Narrative structure & Narrative criticism.
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TL;DR: The authors explored the way individuals processed the war narratives put forth by the Bush administration and reported in the media immediately following the September 11 attacks and found that latent narratives reflecting local political and organizational task environments have emerged.
Abstract: Unlike past American wars, the current war on terror has not been associated with a centrally proffered narrative providing some guidance and orientation for those administering government services under state-of-war conditions. War is as much a cultural endeavor as it is a military undertaking, and the absence of a clear sensemaking narrative was detected in this study of public administrators from three agencies with varying proximity to the conflict. Q-methodology was used to explore the way individuals processed the war narratives put forth by the Bush administration and reported in the media immediately following the September 11 attacks. Though no distinct state-of-war narratives were found among the public administrators in this study, there are clear indications that latent narratives reflecting local political and organizational task environments have emerged.
41 citations
Dissertation•
04 Oct 2019
TL;DR: In this article, Gerraren et al. discuss the role of literature in the development of the state-of-the-art in the field of literature and discuss the importance of literature as a vehicle for education.
Abstract: 1936ko Gerrak euskal gizartean utzitako arrastoa handia izan da. Literaturak ere hartu dull hizpide gertakari historiko hura, eta euskal eleberrigintzak beraren inguruan ibilbide propioall e?n duela ere esan liteke. Horregatik, gure ikerlanak lau helburu izan ditu: eleberriek gerrarekiko agertutako interesa hura gogoratzeko sorturiko ekimen politiko-sozialekin bat garatu den ikustea, gerraren irudikapenak zein ikuspegitatik eraiki diren aztertzea, euskal eleberrigintzari ekarpenik e?n dion egiaztatzea eta eleberrietako gerraren funtzio narratiboa zehaztea. 1936ko Gerrari buruzko euskal nobelagintzak azpigenero gisa izan duen bilakaera aztertzeko, marko teorikoan Memoria Ikerketen zenbait kontzepturen inguruko eztabaidakll ekarri ditugu, eta horietako batzuk gure testuingurura egokitu ditugu. Horrez gain, gizarteanll 36ko Gerraren oroitzapen prozesu publikoak zeren arabera eta noiz ?ortu diren azaldu dugu, euskal eleberrien ibilbideak harekin bat e?n duen konparatzeko. Nobelen azterketarako, Memoria Ikerketen ekarpenaz gain, narratologia kulturala ere baliatu dugu, eta euskal eleberriaren historiari jarraikiz, 36ko Gerraz diharduten obrak kronologikoki aztertu ditugu. Emaitzek erakusten dute euskal eleberriak dinamika sozio-politikoei zertxobait aurreratu zitzaizkiela, eta ?ortu dituzten diskurtsoak, oro har, euskal nazionalismoaren ildokoak izan direla, nahiz eta 90eko hamarkadatik aurrerako nobelak joera horrekiko kritiko azaltzenll diren; bestalde, ikus daiteke e?n diotela ekarpenik euskal eleberrigintzari, nahiz eta orokorrean haren ibilbideko korronte literarioei jarraitzen dieten nobelak diren. Azkenik, jabetu gara ezen, 36ko Gerraren kontaketaren funtzioa irizpidetzat hartuz, sailkapen tipologiko berri bat egin daitekeela, eta gerraz diharduten nobelak hiru multzo handitan bereizi daitezkeela: funtzio deskriptiboa duten nobelak, funtzio aldarrikatzailekoak eta funtzio literarioa dutenak. Izendapen hutsa izatetik haratago, bakoitzak ezaugarri jakinll batzuk ditu, eta corpuseko nobelak ez ezik, beste batzuk ere sailkapen horretan kokatzeko aukera izan du.
41 citations
TL;DR: The method proposed in this study can be utilized as a tool to assist companies in better understanding product or service appraisals, thus translating these opinions into business intelligence and as the basis for product/service improvements.
Abstract: Since eWOM provides a rich source of objective information about products or services, it has become one of the major ways in which consumers collect information about items they are interested in buying. However, the problem of eWOM overload makes it difficult to effectively collect this information, and may have adverse effects on their actual purchase behavior. eWOM content is characterized by unstructured text formats, oversimplified expressions, and newly coined phrases (textspeak), and these all contribute to the challenges that arise when analyzing eWOM. This study thus proposes an eWOM analysis method for analyzing eWOM, which may lead to a more effective method for analyzing eWOM content, extracting both positive and negative appraisals, and help consumers in their decision making. At the same time, the method proposed in this study can also be utilized as a tool to assist companies in better understanding product or service appraisals, thus translating these opinions into business intelligence and as the basis for product/service improvements.
40 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the extent to which the character's actions and attitudes are clear and understandable, i.e., the extent of which the author can attribute knowledge and experience to the character as well as the narrator.
Abstract: Three experiments were conducted on how properties of the text control one aspect of the process of identifying with the central character in a story. In particular, we were concerned with textual determinants of character transparency, that is, the extent to which the character’s actions and attitudes are clear and understandable. In Experiment 1, we hypothesized that the narrator in first-person narratives is transparent because narratorial implicatures (analogous to Grice’s (1975) notion of conversational implicatures) lead readers to attribute their own knowledge and experience to the narrator. Consistent with our predictions, the results indicated that stating the inferred information explicitly leads readers to rate the narrator’s thoughts and actions as more difficult to understand. In Experiment 2, we assessed whether this effect could be explained by differences in style between the original and modified versions of the text. The results demonstrated that there was no effect of adding text when the material was unrelated to narratorial implicatures. In Experiment 3, we hypothesized that transparency of the central character in a third-person narrative can be produced when the consistent use of free-indirect speech produces a close association between the narrator and the character; in this case, readers may attribute knowledge and experience to the character as well as the narrator. As predicted, the central character’s thoughts and actions were rated as more difficult to understand when the markers for free-indirect speech were removed. We argue that transparency may be produced through the use of what are essential conversational processes invoked in service of understanding the narrator as a conversational participant.
40 citations
TL;DR: The authors examined the intermodal relationships of music and image in two short film scenes (from Jaws and The Secret of My Success) with a focus on the relationship between music and images.
Abstract: Narrative media music, music used for narrative purposes in multimedia such as film, television or computer games, is becoming one of the largest sources of musical experience in our daily lives. Though typically experienced on an unconscious and unreflected level, this kind of music actively contributes narrative meaning in multimodal interplay with image, speech and sound effects. Often, what we (think we) see is to a large degree determined by what we hear. Using Halliday’s (1978) metafunctions of communication as a starting point, two short film scenes (from Jaws and The Secret of My Success) are examined, with a focus on the intermodal relationships of music and image. The examples illustrate how musical and visual expressions combine to form multimodal statements where the whole is certainly different than the sum of the parts.
40 citations