Story and Discourse: Narrative Structure in Fiction and Film
Citations
17 citations
17 citations
17 citations
17 citations
Cites background or methods from "Story and Discourse: Narrative Stru..."
...With information on epistolic narratives being solely presented through the form of preconceived documents, ‘the act of writing is always distanced from the correspondent’s life’ (Chatman, 1978: 171), even if only minimally....
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...Chatman (1978) argues that this is a result of the necessary ‘delay’ between the moment of actualised experience and the moment of writing, which marks epistolary as an ‘enactment’ rather than as an expression of concurrent living-writing practice....
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...With information on epistolic narratives being solely presented through the form of preconceived documents, ‘the act of writing is always distanced from the correspondent’s life’ (Chatman, 1978: 171), even if only minimally. Chatman (1978) argues that this is a result of the necessary ‘delay’ between the moment of actualised experience and the moment of writing, which marks epistolary as an ‘enactment’ rather than as an expression of concurrent living-writing practice. The text-world level is consequently only ever presented through the written introspections of each internal character-writer and, as a result, is always at least one step further removed from discourse participants. The combined lack of world-building information and the immediate distancing of epistolary discourse itself results, in Text-World-Theory terms, in the creation of ‘empty text-worlds’ (Gavins, 2007; Lahey, 2004). According to Gavins (2007), empty textworlds are ‘normally text-initial but ultimately immaterial’ (p. 133) as the reader makes a conceptual leap from the discourse-world, beyond the text-world to the world of the act of narration. Typically, this conceptual shift is triggered by either a text initial worldswitch or immediate modalisation as seen in Stockwell’s (2002) analysis of Keats’ ‘When I Have Fears that I May Cease to Be’ (p....
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...With information on epistolic narratives being solely presented through the form of preconceived documents, ‘the act of writing is always distanced from the correspondent’s life’ (Chatman, 1978: 171), even if only minimally. Chatman (1978) argues that this is a result of the necessary ‘delay’ between the moment of actualised experience and the moment of writing, which marks epistolary as an ‘enactment’ rather than as an expression of concurrent living-writing practice. The text-world level is consequently only ever presented through the written introspections of each internal character-writer and, as a result, is always at least one step further removed from discourse participants. The combined lack of world-building information and the immediate distancing of epistolary discourse itself results, in Text-World-Theory terms, in the creation of ‘empty text-worlds’ (Gavins, 2007; Lahey, 2004). According to Gavins (2007), empty textworlds are ‘normally text-initial but ultimately immaterial’ (p. 133) as the reader makes a conceptual leap from the discourse-world, beyond the text-world to the world of the act of narration. Typically, this conceptual shift is triggered by either a text initial worldswitch or immediate modalisation as seen in Stockwell’s (2002) analysis of Keats’ ‘When I Have Fears that I May Cease to Be’ (p. 146) or Lahey’s (2004) examination of MacCaig’s ‘After’, which comprises solely of direct speech (see also Neurohr, 2019). As noted by Werth (1999), direct speech functions to ‘change the basic time signature of the text...
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...With information on epistolic narratives being solely presented through the form of preconceived documents, ‘the act of writing is always distanced from the correspondent’s life’ (Chatman, 1978: 171), even if only minimally. Chatman (1978) argues that this is a result of the necessary ‘delay’ between the moment of actualised experience and the moment of writing, which marks epistolary as an ‘enactment’ rather than as an expression of concurrent living-writing practice....
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17 citations
Cites background from "Story and Discourse: Narrative Stru..."
...A story without norm violations is a narrative impossibility; every story contains some conflict (see, eg, Chatman, 1989), and often these conflicts are defined by norm violations that ultimately compose a pattern of morality within a narrative (see, eg, Carroll, 1998)....
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