Strength of Reinforced Concrete Pier Caps—Experimental Validation of Strut-and-Tie Method
About: This article is published in Aci Structural Journal.The article was published on 2019-01-01. It has received 6 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Pier & Shearing (physics).
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TL;DR: A method is proposed for the generation of optimization-based STM (OPT-STM) models that automatically generate valid truss-analogy models as needed in the STM method to prevent manual interpretation and automatically generate suitable STM models for various D-regions.
18 citations
Cites methods from "Strength of Reinforced Concrete Pie..."
...In order to validate the effectiveness and safety of STM designs, experiments of various STM designs for different D-regions were conducted [18,41,38,45,29,35]; 4....
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TL;DR: In this paper, experimental test results of reinforced concrete pier caps with different shear spans to effective depth ratios (a/d) of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 were reported.
Abstract: This study reports on experimental test results of reinforced concrete pier caps with different shear spans to effective depth ratios (a/d) of 0.5, 1, and 1.5. Each test specimen is then d...
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the effect of load distribution on the pier cap behavior was evaluated using different numbers of support bearings, and the experimental results showed that all specimens designed using the STM with no unnecessary vertical ties exhibited flexure failure without any sudden shear failure.
Abstract: Because variations associated with the strut-and-tie model (STM) in the design of pier caps could lead to over-reinforcement of steel rebars, special attention should be paid to using STMs for reasonable rebar arrangements. Here, static loading tests were conducted on three scaled-model specimens of bridge pier caps to investigate the efficient arrangement of steel reinforcement in the bridge pier cap design. To determine the effect of the loading condition on the pier cap behavior, T-type pier caps with two or four support bearings were tested under realistic boundary conditions, using three hydraulic actuators. The tested load–resistance capacities were compared with the STM predictions. The study revealed that the arrangement of vertical ties in the STM along the shear critical section in the column’s vicinity could induce excessive vertical shear reinforcement. The experimental results showed that all specimens designed using the STM with no unnecessary vertical ties exhibited flexure failure without any sudden shear failure. The effect of load distribution on the pier cap behavior was evaluated using different numbers of support bearings.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors studied the mechanical properties of hollow precast utility tunnels by experimental and numerical methods, and the failure stages of the structures were classified based on the bearing capacity and damage to the structures.
Abstract: In this paper, the mechanical properties of hollow precast utility tunnels are studied by experimental and numerical methods. Through full-scale experiments, the failure modes of ordinary and hollow utility tunnels are studied, and the failure stages of the structures are classified based on the bearing capacity and damage to the structures. The nonlinear finite element model is used to simulate the behavior of the structure, and the optimal design of the structure under load type and the hollow ratio are discussed based on the finite element method. The theoretical calculation method of the bearing capacity for hollow structures in each stage is proposed, and its application scope is discussed. The finite element analysis can effectively predict the mechanical properties of the structure, and the failure of the utility tunnel structure is dependent on the shear bearing capacity. Although hollow design advances the structural damage under point load, the hollow structure has significant advantages under uniform loads or reasonable hollow ratios. It is reasonable to calculate the cracking load considering moment distribution at section centroid and the failure load considering the combined action of flexural and shear stress, but the hollow ratio should be less than 16%. Under reasonable hollow ratio or load conditions, the hollow design has little effect on the bearing capacity of the structure and can reduce the weight, which has practical value for architecture and construction.