Strength of Reinforced Concrete Pier Caps—Experimental Validation of Strut-and-Tie Method
About: This article is published in Aci Structural Journal.The article was published on 2019-01-01. It has received 2 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Pier & Shearing (physics).
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TL;DR: A method is proposed for the generation of optimization-based STM (OPT-STM) models that automatically generate valid truss-analogy models as needed in the STM method to prevent manual interpretation and automatically generate suitable STM models for various D-regions.
Abstract: Strut-and-Tie modelling (STM) is a well-known approach to design D-regions in reinforced concrete structures Because the STM method is based on lower-bound analysis, finding a suitable truss-analogy model is the most important aspect to guarantee good structural and economic performance of a resulting design Continuum topology optimization (TO) methods have been studied for two decades to solve this problem However, while these studies provide inspiration to designers, they lack the capability to automatically generate valid truss-analogy models as needed in the STM method In order to prevent manual interpretation and automatically generate suitable STM models for various D-regions, a method is proposed for the generation of optimization-based STM (OPT-STM) models The proposed method includes three phases: the TO phase, the topology extraction phase and the shape optimization phase Next, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the generated OPT-STM models, an evaluation using Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis (NLFEA) is performed to analyze the performance of STM models For two D-region problems, two OPT-STM models and 11 manually constructed STM models from literature are evaluated, and their performance is compared and discussed, demonstrating the validity and effectiveness of the proposed automated generation method
6 citations
Cites methods from "Strength of Reinforced Concrete Pie..."
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TL;DR: In this paper, experimental test results of reinforced concrete pier caps with different shear spans to effective depth ratios (a/d) of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 were reported.
Abstract: This study reports on experimental test results of reinforced concrete pier caps with different shear spans to effective depth ratios (a/d) of 0.5, 1, and 1.5. Each test specimen is then d...
2 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper , the effect of load distribution on the pier cap behavior was evaluated using different numbers of support bearings, and the experimental results showed that all specimens designed using the STM with no unnecessary vertical ties exhibited flexure failure without any sudden shear failure.
Abstract: Because variations associated with the strut-and-tie model (STM) in the design of pier caps could lead to over-reinforcement of steel rebars, special attention should be paid to using STMs for reasonable rebar arrangements. Here, static loading tests were conducted on three scaled-model specimens of bridge pier caps to investigate the efficient arrangement of steel reinforcement in the bridge pier cap design. To determine the effect of the loading condition on the pier cap behavior, T-type pier caps with two or four support bearings were tested under realistic boundary conditions, using three hydraulic actuators. The tested load–resistance capacities were compared with the STM predictions. The study revealed that the arrangement of vertical ties in the STM along the shear critical section in the column’s vicinity could induce excessive vertical shear reinforcement. The experimental results showed that all specimens designed using the STM with no unnecessary vertical ties exhibited flexure failure without any sudden shear failure. The effect of load distribution on the pier cap behavior was evaluated using different numbers of support bearings.
1 citations
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TL;DR: In this article , a design procedure for eccentrically loaded reinforced concrete sections that enables the designer to simply control the design process and the failure mode is proposed, which makes the process more direct and simplified.
Abstract: The behavior of eccentrically loaded reinforced concrete sections depends on both the eccentricity and load value. The type of failure can be determined according to the eccentricity-thickness ratio and the applied load value. Interaction diagrams can be used for designing eccentrically loaded section, but the section dimensions are required to use these diagrams. According to the section dimensions and the load value, the type of failure and the required reinforcement can be determined from the interaction diagrams. Most design codes controls the design process to ensure ductile failure. But according to the design procedures of interaction diagrams, the failure type can’t be controlled simply. This paper aims at finding a design procedure for eccentrically loaded reinforced concrete sections that enable the designer to simply control the design process and the failure mode. The proposed design approach makes the design process more direct and simplified.