Stress-induced inhibition of reproduction: evidence of suppressed secretion of LH-RH in an amphibian
TL;DR: The hypothesis that in this amphibian, exposure to acute stress or to exogenous corticosterone can suppress plasma androgen titers by inhibiting the release of LH-RH from the hypothalamus is supported.
About: This article is published in General and Comparative Endocrinology.The article was published on 1985-11-01. It has received 137 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Taricha & Corticosterone.
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TL;DR: The field of birds in urban environments has been a hot topic in the last few decades as discussed by the authors, with a large body of work focusing on the effects of urbanization on birds.
Abstract: Preface. Section 1: Introduction to the Study of Birds in Urban Environments. 1. A historical perspective on urban bird research: trends, terms, and approaches J.M. Marzluff, R. Bowman, R. Donnelly. 2. Worldwide urbanization and its effects on birds J.M. Marzluff. 3. Synanthropic birds of North America R.F. Johnston. 4. Human perception and appreciation of birds: A motivation for wildlife conservation in urban environments of France P. Clergeau, G. Mennechez, A. Sauvage, A. Lemoine. 5. Quantifying the urban gradient: linking urban planning and ecology M. Alberti, E. Botsford, A. Cohen. 6. Urbanization, avian communities, and landscape ecology J.R. Miller, J.M. Fraterrigo, N. Thompson Hobbs, D.M. Theobald, J.A. Wiens. 7. The importance of multi-scale analyses in avian habitat selection studies in urban environments M. Hostetler. Section 2: Processes Affecting Birds in Urban Environments. 8. Urban birds: Population, community, and landscape approaches D. Bolger. 9. Interactions among non-native plants and birds S. Hayden Reichard, L. Chalker-Scott, S. Buchanan. 10. Urban sprawl and juniper encroachment effects on abundance of wintering passerines in Oklahoma B.R. Coppedge, D.M. Engle, S.D. Fuhlendorf, R.E. Masters, M.S. Gregory. 11. Nest predator abundance and urbanization D.G. Haskell, A.M. Knupp, M.C. Schneider. 12. Bird tolerance to human disturbance in urban parks of Madrid (Spain): Management implications E. Fernandez-Juricic, M.D. Jiminez, E. Lucas. 13. Settlement of breeding European Starlings in urban areas: importance oflawns vs. anthropogenic wastes G. Mennechez, P. Clergeau. 14. Variation in the timing of breeding between suburban and wildland Florida Scrub-Jays: Do physiologic measures reflect different environments? S.J. Schoech, R. Bowman. Section 3: Bird Populations in Urban Environments. 15. The ecology of Western Gulls in habitats varying in degree of urban influence R. Pierotti, C. Annett. 16. Causes and consequences of expanding American Crow populations J.M. Marzluff, K.J. McGowan, R. Donnelly, R.L. Knight. 17. Demographic and behavioral comparisons of suburban and rural American Crows K. McGowan. 18. Nest success and the timing of nest failure of Florida Scrub-Jays in suburban and wildland habitats R. Bowman, G.E. Woolfenden. 19. Synurbanization of the Magpie in the Palearctic L. Jerzak. 20. Maccaw abundance in relation to human population density in the western Amazon basin D.M. Brooks, A.J. Begazo. 21. Waterbird production in an urban center in Alaska M.R. North. Section 4: Bird Communities in Urban Environments. 22. Creating a homogeneous avifauna R.B. Blair. 23. Avian community characteristics of urban greenspaces in St. Louis, Missouri J.M. Azerrad, C.H. Nilon. 24. The importance of the Chicago region and the 'Chicago Wilderness' initiative for avian conservation J.D. Brawn, D.F. Stotz. 25. Do temporal trends in Christmas Bird Counts reflect the spatial trends of urbanization in southwestern Ohio? N.A. Crosby, R.B. Blair. 26. Survey techniques and habitat relationships of breeding birds in residential areas of Toronto, Canad
931 citations
01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: This book presents a meta-anatomy of sexual selection in birds and mammals, focusing on the role of courtship and courtship strategies in the courtship of birds and mammal species.
Abstract: Introduction Walter D Koenig and Janis L Dickinson 1 Evolutionary origins J David Ligon and D Brent Burt 2 Delayed dispersal Jan Ekman, Janis L Dickinson, Ben J Hatchwell and Michael Griesser 3 Fitness consequences of helping Janis L Dickinson and Ben J Hatchwell 4 Parental care, load-lightening and costs Robert G Heinsohn 5 Matings systems and sexual conflict Andrew Cockburn 6 Sex-ratio manipulation Jan Komdeur 7 Physiological ecology Morne Du Plessis 8 Endocrinology Steven J Schoech, S James Reynolds and Raoul K Boughton 9 Incest and incest avoidance Walter D Koenig and Joseph Haydock 10 Reproductive skew Robert D Magrath, Rufus A Johnstone and Robert G Heinsohn 11 Joint-laying systems Sandra L Vehrencamp and James S Quinn 12 Conservation biology Jeffrey R Walters, Caren B Cooper, Susan J Daniels, Gilberto Pasinelli and Karen Schiegg 13 Mammalian contrasts and comparisons Andrew F Russell Summary Steven J Pruett-Jones Names of bird and mammal species mentioned in the text References Index
579 citations
TL;DR: There is probably not a single cause for global amphibian declines and the role of pathogens in inducing diseases that cause death is profoundly affected by four other ultimate factors: atmospheric change, environmental pollutants, habitat modification and invasive species.
Abstract: Greater than 70% of the world's amphibian species are in decline. We propose that there is probably not a single cause for global amphibian declines and present a three-tiered hierarchical approach that addresses interactions among and between ultimate and proximate factors that contribute to amphibian declines. There are two immediate (proximate) causes of amphibian declines: death and decreased recruitment (reproductive failure). Although much attention has focused on death, few studies have addressed factors that contribute to declines as a result of failed recruitment. Further, a great deal of attention has focused on the role of pathogens in inducing diseases that cause death, but we suggest that pathogen success is profoundly affected by four other ultimate factors: atmospheric change, environmental pollutants, habitat modification and invasive species. Environmental pollutants arise as likely important factors in amphibian declines because they have realized potential to affect recruitment. Further, many studies have documented immunosuppressive effects of pesticides, suggesting a role for environmental contaminants in increased pathogen virulence and disease rates. Increased attention to recruitment and ultimate factors that interact with pathogens is important in addressing this global crisis.
361 citations
Cites background from "Stress-induced inhibition of reprod..."
...…regulates many functions necessary for reproduction in male amphibians including sperm production and breeding behaviors, and acute stress can decrease testosterone levels in amphibians (Licht et al., 1983; Moore, 1983; Moore and Zoeller, 1985), thereby negatively impacting reproduction....
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TL;DR: Stress reduces the quality of gametes produced by rainbow trout, and exposure of rainbow trout to repeated acute stress during reproductive development resulted in a significant delay in ovulation and reduced egg size in females, significantly lower sperm counts in males, and, perhaps most importantly, significantlyLower survival rates for progeny from stressed fish compared to progenyFrom unstressed control fish.
Abstract: In this study we have used the rainbow trout as a model animal to study the biological consequences of stress in terms of gamete quality and quantity. Groups of 30 mature male and female rainbow trout were subjected to repeated acute stress during the 9 mo prior to spawning. Time of ovulation, fecundity, and egg size were recorded in mature females, and sperm counts were carried out on the milt from the male fish, from both the stressed and control groups. Eggs from ovulated females were fertilized with milt from males subjected to the same treatment regime. Approximately 300 eggs from each female were fertilized with a sperm dilution of 10-3 in diluent. Subsequent development of the fertilized eggs was then monitored. There were no differences in somatic weight or length between the two groups at the end of the experiment, but exposure of rainbow trout to repeated acute stress during reproductive development resulted in a significant delay in ovulation and reduced egg size in females, significantly lower sperm counts in males, and, perhaps most importantly, significantly lower survival rates for progeny from stressed fish compared to progeny from unstressed control fish. Hence, stress reduces the quality of gametes produced by rainbow trout.
351 citations
TL;DR: It is proposed that GC effects on life-history transitions, survival probabilities and fecundity can be modelled in existing quantitative demographic frameworks to improve the understanding of how GC variation influences life- history evolution and GC-mediated effects on population dynamics.
Abstract: Summary 1. Glucocorticoids hormones (GCs) are intuitively important for mediation of age-dependent vertebrate life-history transitions through their effects on ontogeny alongside underpinning variation in life-history traits and trade-offs in vertebrates. These concepts largely derive from the ability of GCs to alter energy allocation, physiology and behaviour that influences key life-history traits involving age-specific life-history transitions, reproduction and survival. 2. Studies across vertebrates have shown that the neuroendocrine stress axis plays a role in the developmental processes that lead up to age-specific early life-history transitions. While environmental sensitivity of the stress axis allows for it to modulate the timing of these transitions within species, little is known as to how variation in stress axis function has been adapted to produce interspecific variation in the timing of life-history transitions. 3. Our assessment of the literature confirms that of previous reviews that there is only equivocal evidence for correlative or direct functional relationships between GCs and variation in reproduction and survival. We conclude that the relationships between GCs and life-history traits are complex and general patterns cannot be easily discerned with current research approaches and experimental designs. 4. We identify several future research directions including: (i) integration of proximate and ultimate measures, including longitudinal studies that measure effects of GCs on more than one life-history trait or in multiple environmental contexts, to test explicit hypotheses about how GCs and life-history variation are related and (ii) the measurement of additional factors that modulate the effects of GCs on life-history traits (e.g. GC receptors and binding protein levels) to better infer neurendocrine stress axis actions. 5. Conceptual models of HPA/I axis actions, such as allostatic load and reactive scope, to some extent explicitly predict the role of GCs in a life-history context, but are descriptive in nature. We propose that GC effects on life-history transitions, survival probabilities and fecundity can be modelled in existing quantitative demographic frameworks to improve our understanding of how GC variation influences life-history evolution and GC-mediated effects on population dynamics
330 citations
Cites background from "Stress-induced inhibition of reprod..."
...Functional Ecology © 2012 British Ecological Society, Functional Ecology, 27, 93–106 behaviours in rough-skinned newts (Moore & Zoeller 1985; Coddington et al. 2007), but this may be a contextdependent effect as exogenous GC treatment does not inhibit clasping behaviours in males that had recently…...
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TL;DR: Under the new conditions there is direct proportionality between absorbance at 650 nm and weight of protein within the range 15–110 μg.
5,177 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a 5-year study was conducted on male and female bullfrogs in central California over a period of five years, and the results showed that levels of plasma gonadotropins and steroids are highly labile and particularly sensitive to the effects of captivity, especially in males.
301 citations
TL;DR: The hypothesis that elevated levels of corticosterone associated with exposure to stressful stimuli inhibit sexual behaviors in rough-skinned newts is supported.
262 citations
TL;DR: The high specificity, sensitivity, precision, recovery level, and ease of this technique make it useful for the study of either serum or plasma corticosterone.
Abstract: A radioimmunoassay for corticosterone was developed and characterized using corticosterone antiserum (377, Niswende) and a simple ethanol extraction procedure. The antiserum appeared to be highly specific fo corticosterone. Intraassay variability was 3.67 +- 0.75% (mean +- SE) at 50 pg of corticosterone; interassay variability with a mean value of 51.15 pg was 6.98 +- 1.01%. Assay sensitivity was 9.48 +- 0.60 pg. Utilizing this assay, serum obtained from adrenalectomized and adrenalectomized-ovariectomized rats yielded lower corticosterone values than serum from intact or ovariectomized rats. Intact females had lower corticosterone values than intact males. Rats exposed to elevated temperature (32.5/sup 0/) displayed significantly (P < 0.001) elevated plasma corticosterone levels (48.48 +- 4.37 ..mu..g/100 ml) compared to control (24.5/sup 0/) animals (21.31 +- 2.02 ..mu..g/100 ml). The high specificity, sensitivity, precision, recovery level, and ease of this technique make it useful for the study of either serum or plasma corticosterone.
122 citations
TL;DR: Temporal relationships among the peripheral blood concentrations of corticosteroids, progesterone, LH1 and testosterone and stress-induced alterations in the secretion of these hormones were examined in bulls.
Abstract: Temporal relationships among the peripheral blood concentrations of corticosteroids, progesterone, LH1 and testosterone and stress-induced alterations in the secretion of these hormones were examined in bulls. Blood samples were obtained via jugular cannula from eight bulls at 30-min intervals over a 12-h period. A rectal electroejaculation probe was then inserted with (EE; n = 4) or without (NE; n = 4) electrical stimulation, and ejaculation and blood samples were collected (5-, 15-, and 30-min intervals) over a second 12-h period. Treatments were reversed at the conclusion of this second 12-h period, and blood samples were collected over a third 12-h period. A positive temporal relationship was observed between concentrations of LH and testosterone during the initial 12-h period. During this time, a positive temporal relationship was also observed between concentrations of corticosteroids and progesterone. In contrast, concentrations of corticosteroids and progesterone were negatively correlated with co...
108 citations