Stretch injury of peripheral nerve. Acute effects of stretching on rabbit nerve
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In this paper, the epineurium was found to be the first structure to be ruptured during stretching, which occurs when the nerve trunk has reached its limit of elasticity, and the damage to the nerve fibres is either neurapraxia or axonotmesis.Abstract:
1. Forty-seven tibial nerves of rabbits were stretched, twenty-four gradually by the Instron machine and twenty-three suddenly by dropping a load. The stretched nerves were examined histologically throughout their length. 2. Nerve trunks possess a high degree of elasticity, which is mainly a feature of the epineurium. 3. The initial elongation of the nerve is due to extension of the epineurium and straightening of the funiculi and of the nerve fibres. Such elongation is "physiological" in the sense that it does not affect the nerve fibres. 4. The first structure to be ruptured during stretching is the epineurium ; this occurs when the nerve trunk has reached its limit of elasticity. 5. Before rupture of the epineurium the damage to the nerve fibres is either neurapraxia or axonotmesis, because the endoneurial sheaths and Schwann tubes remain intact. 6. Beyond the limit of elasticity very severe damage of the nerve trunk occurs; all elements of the nerve may be ruptured. If less violent force is applied, some funiculi may survive. The longitudinal extent of the lesion is always great, reaching 2 to 5 centimetres in the rabbit.read more
Citations
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Tissue-Level Thresholds for Axonal Damage in an Experimental Model of Central Nervous System White Matter Injury
Allison C. Bain,David F. Meaney +1 more
TL;DR: Three Lagrangian strain-based thresholds for morphological damage to white matter are determined and it is now possible to predict more accurately the conditions that cause axonal injury in human white matter.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of stretching the tibial nerve of the rabbit. A preliminary study of the intraneural circulation and the barrier function of the perineurium.
Göran Lundborg,Björn Rydevik +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects on intraneural microcirculation, on vascular permeability, and on the barrier function of the perineurium have been analyzed with the aim of determining the extent to which a divided nerve can be stretched without interfering with the process of repair.
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The nerve gap: suture under tension vs. graft.
TL;DR: Experimental models showed that regeneration through mildly stretched nerve repairs was equivalent to applying a properly tailored graft, and minimal axonal activity was exhibited by severely stretched repair sites.
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Structure and Biomechanics of Peripheral Nerves: Nerve Responses to Physical Stresses and Implications for Physical Therapist Practice
TL;DR: A thorough understanding of the biomechanical properties of normal and injured nerves and the stresses placed upon them in daily activities will help guide physical therapists in making diagnoses and decisions regarding interventions.
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Mechanical properties of acellular peripheral nerve
TL;DR: Although adequately robust for reconstructive procedures, the acellular peripheral nerve had decreased tensile strength compared with fresh nerve either when tested whole or when transected and repaired.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Stress-strain phenomena in human peripheral nerve trunks
Sydney Sunderland,K. C. Bradley +1 more
Journal Article
Electron-microscope observations on the effects of localized crush injuries on the connective tissues of peripheral nerve.
J Haftek,P K Thomas +1 more
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Effects of stretching the tibial nerve of the rabbit. A preliminary study of the intraneural circulation and the barrier function of the perineurium.
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