Book ChapterDOI
Structural Analysis of Offline Handwritten Mathematical Expressions
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TLDR
In this article, a two-dimensional, stochastic context-free grammar is used for the structural analysis of offline handwritten mathematical expressions in a document image and the spatial relation between characters in an expression has been incorporated so that the structural variability in handwritten expressions can be tackled.Abstract:
Structural analysis helps in parsing the mathematical expressions. Various approaches for structural analysis have been reported in literature, but they mainly deal with online and printed expressions. In this work, two-dimensional, stochastic context-free grammar is used for the structural analysis of offline handwritten mathematical expressions in a document image. The spatial relation between characters in an expression has been incorporated so that the structural variability in handwritten expressions can be tackled.read more
References
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Book ChapterDOI
Two-Dimensional Mathematical Notation
TL;DR: The syntax-directed recognition system described here has been successfully demonstrated in several prototype systems, and could be used to provide real-time interpretation of 2 D math expressions handprinted on a data tablet as input to an interactive computing system.
Journal ArticleDOI
Design of a mathematical expression understanding system
Hsi-Jian Lee,Jiumn-Shine Wang +1 more
TL;DR: A system for segmenting and understanding text and mathematical expressions in a document can be divided into six stages: page segmentation and labeling, character segmentation, feature extraction, character recognition, expression formation, and error correction and expression extraction.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Understanding mathematical expressions from document images
TL;DR: This paper proposes a system that understands mathematical expressions on binarized printed document images by extracting a set of "primitives" from the image and constructing an initial hierarchy according to conventional mathematical syntax rules.
Book ChapterDOI
An Experimental Implementation of a Document Recognition System for Papers Containing Mathematical Expressions
Masayuki Okamoto,Akira Miyazawa +1 more
TL;DR: Out of all the functions required for the entire process from document scanning through recognition, these have been investigated and implemented: skew detection and correction, region (block) segmentation, and mathematical expression recognition.
Proceedings Article
On-Line Recognition of Handwritten Mathematical Expression Based on Stroke-Based Stochastic Context-Free Grammar
TL;DR: This approach considers handwritten mathematical expressions as the output of stroke generation processes based on a stochastic context-free grammar which generates handwritten expressions stochastically and can simultaneously recognize the symbols and structure of an expression within the grammatical constraint.