Book ChapterDOI
Structural Analysis of Offline Handwritten Mathematical Expressions
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TLDR
In this article, a two-dimensional, stochastic context-free grammar is used for the structural analysis of offline handwritten mathematical expressions in a document image and the spatial relation between characters in an expression has been incorporated so that the structural variability in handwritten expressions can be tackled.Abstract:
Structural analysis helps in parsing the mathematical expressions. Various approaches for structural analysis have been reported in literature, but they mainly deal with online and printed expressions. In this work, two-dimensional, stochastic context-free grammar is used for the structural analysis of offline handwritten mathematical expressions in a document image. The spatial relation between characters in an expression has been incorporated so that the structural variability in handwritten expressions can be tackled.read more
References
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Proceedings ArticleDOI
Efficient geometric algorithms for parsing in two dimensions
TL;DR: This paper introduces (and unify) several types of geometrical data structures which can be used to significantly accelerate parsing time, and introduces a clean design for the parsing software, and test the same parsing framework with various geometric constraints to determine the most effective combination.
Structural analysis of handwritten mathematical expressions through fuzzy parsing
TL;DR: Fuzzy logic is introduced to the basic parsing framework, which is appropriate given the ambiguous nature of symbol identities and spatial relationships in handwritten expressions, and the most likely expression tree is selected as the result.
Book ChapterDOI
Top-Down Online Handwritten Mathematical Expression Parsing with Graph Grammar
TL;DR: This work proposes a new parsing technique that models mathematical expressions as languages generated by graph grammars, and parses expressions following a top-down approach, and can be easily extended to parse other multidimensional languages, as chemical expressions, or diagrams.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Automatic understanding of structures in printed mathematical expressions
TL;DR: A simple grammar-based approach to recognize complex two-dimensional structures of printed mathematical expressions with high accuracy based on the structural information of symbols in an expression is proposed.