Journal ArticleDOI
Structural characterization of proton exchanged LiNbO3 optical waveguides
Claudio Canali,A. Carnera,G. Della Mea,P. Mazzoldi,S. M. Al Shukri,A. C. G. Nutt,R.M. De La Rue +6 more
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TLDR
In this paper, the results of structural analysis of proton exchanged lithium niobate optical waveguides fabricated in Z, X, and Y cut substrates immersed in pure benzoic acid Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, nuclear reactions, secondary ion mass spectrometer, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction were used to measure atomic composition profiles.Abstract:
This paper reports the results of structural analysis of proton‐exchanged lithium niobate optical waveguides fabricated in Z‐, X‐, and Y‐cut substrates immersed in pure benzoic acid Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, nuclear reactions, secondary ion mass spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, and x‐ray diffraction were used to measure atomic composition profiles and the marked lattice distortion induced by the proton exchange process in the waveguiding layer H and Li concentration measurements indicate an exchange of about 70% of the Li atoms are present in the virgin LiNbO3 crystalread more
Citations
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Defects in LiNbO3—I. experimental aspects
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the present state of knowledge about the experimental aspects of intrinsic and extrinsic defects in LiNbO3, with emphasis on point defects, is given.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hydrogen in lithium niobate
José Manuel Cabrera,José Olivares,Mercedes Carrascosa,Joaquín Rams,Richard S. Muller,Ernesto Diéguez +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the current knowledge on the main properties and applications of hydrogen in LiNbO3 is presented, which is divided into three parts: the first part is devoted to general properties such as methods of defect production and control, techniques used for their detection and characterization, as well as interactions with other lattice defects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Structural phase diagram of H x /Li 1-x NbO 3 waveguides: The correlation between optical and structural properties
Yu.N. Korkishko,V. A. Fedorov +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that proton exchanged Hx/Li 1-xNbO3 single-crystalline solid solutions exhibit very complex structural chemistry, which is different from those known for powders.
Journal ArticleDOI
Waveguides in lithium niobate
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report results of a study on diluted Li+/H+ ion exchange and show that the variation in both the index of refraction and the diffusion coefficient with composition is very nonlinear.
Journal ArticleDOI
Diffusion characteristics and waveguiding properties of proton‐exchanged and annealed LiNbO3 channel waveguides
TL;DR: In this paper, a discussion of the modeling of the proton exchange fabrication process is given, including a brief review of results of analytical measurements of concentration and concentration/index relation, as well as some presentation of the speculations made as to mechanisms of resulting index profiles.
References
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Thin Films—Interdiffusion and Reactions
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Proceedings of the Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers
TL;DR: In this article, the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SOPIE) published a survey of the state-of-the-art photo-optical instrumentation.
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Proton exchange for high‐index waveguides in LiNbO3
TL;DR: In this article, the fabrication and characterization of optical waveguides formed in LiNbO3 by proton exchange in benzoic acid melts at 200-250°C is described.
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15N hydrogen profiling: Scientific applications
TL;DR: The 15 N hydrogen profiling method is discussed in this paper, together with its use in a number of applications and it is shown that the width of the nuclear resonance used in this method is 0.4 keV (c.m.) which is less than half the published value.
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Fabrication and characterization of Titanium Indiffused Proton Exchanged (TIPE) waveguides in lithium niobate
TL;DR: In this article, the fabrication and characterization of optical waveguides realized in LiNbO 3 by a combined titanium indiffusion proton exchange (TIPE) process is described.