Structure and properties of high quality natural cellulose fibers from cornstalks
TL;DR: In this article, a fiber extraction method that produces fibers from cornstalks with mechanical properties similar to that of the common textile fibers was developed, which is suitable for textile and other industrial applications.
About: This article is published in Polymer.The article was published on 2005-07-11. It has received 260 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Natural fiber & Fiber.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: A review of the literature on the various aspects of cellulosic fibres and biocomposites can be found in this paper, where the pros and cons of using these fibres are enumerated in this review.
1,908 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the feasibility of extracting cellulose from sisal fiber, by means of two different procedures was carried out, including usual chemical procedures such as acid hydrolysis, chlorination, alkaline extraction, and bleaching.
Abstract: In this work a study on the feasibility of extracting cellulose from sisal fiber, by means of two different procedures was carried out. These processes included usual chemical procedures such as acid hydrolysis, chlorination, alkaline extraction, and bleaching. The final products were characterized by means of Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM). The extraction procedures that were used led to purified cellulose. Advantages and disadvantages of both procedures were also analyzed. Finally, nanocellulose was produced by the acid hydrolysis of obtained cellulose and characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).
1,186 citations
TL;DR: In this article, cellulose fibres and cellulose nanocrystals were extracted from rice husk using sulphuric acid (H2SO4) hydrolysis treatment.
1,011 citations
Cites background from "Structure and properties of high qu..."
..., 2009a,b), soybean pods (Wang and Sain, 2007), wheat, straw, and soy hulls (Alemdar and Sain, 2008a), and cornstalks (Reddy and Yang, 2005) have been studied as a resource in the production of crystalline cellulose fibres....
[...]
TL;DR: In this article, a simple process was developed to obtain an aqueous stable colloid suspension of cellulose nano fibrils from various lignocellulosic fibres.
571 citations
TL;DR: Natural fibers from plants are ideal choice for producing polymer composites and bark fibers of Prosopis juliflora (PJ), an evergreen plant, was analyzed extensively to understand its chemical and physical properties.
288 citations
References
More filters
TL;DR: In this article, the thermal properties, crystallinity index, reactivity, and surface morphology of untreated and chemically modified fibers have been studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (WAXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively.
Abstract: Plant fibers are rich in cellulose and they are a cheap, easily renewable source of fibers with the potential for polymer reinforcement. The presence of surface impurities and the large amount of hydroxyl groups make plant fibers less attractive for reinforcement of polymeric materials. Hemp, sisal, jute, and kapok fibers were subjected to alkalization by using sodium hydroxide. The thermal characteristics, crystallinity index, reactivity, and surface morphology of untreated and chemically modified fibers have been studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (WAXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Following alkalization the DSC showed a rapid degradation of the cellulose between 0.8 and 8% NaOH, beyond which degradation was found to be marginal. There was a marginal drop in the crystallinity index of hemp fiber while sisal, jute, and kapok fibers showed a slight increase in crystallinity at caustic soda concentration of 0.8–30%. FTIR showed that kapok fiber was found to be the most reactive followed by jute, sisal, and then hemp fiber. SEM showed a relatively smooth surface for all the untreated fibers; however, after alkalization, all the fibers showed uneven surfaces. These results show that alkalization modifies plant fibers promoting the development of fiber–resin adhesion, which then will result in increased interfacial energy and, hence, improvement in the mechanical and thermal stability of the composites. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 2222–2234, 2002
1,396 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1962
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the properties of fiber structure testing and sampling and the effects of variability Elastic recovery Rheology Directional effects Thermo-mechanical responses Fibre breakage and fatigue Theories of mechanical properties Dielectric properties Electrical resistance Static electricity Optical properties Fibre friction Fibre length Fibre density Thermal properties Equilibrium absorption of water Heats of sorption Rate of absorption of moisture The retention of liquid water Swelling
Abstract: Introduction to fibre structure Testing and sampling Fibre fineness and transverse dimensions Fibre length Fibre density Thermal properties Equilibrium absorption of water Heats of sorption Rate of absorption of moisture The retention of liquid water Swelling Theories of moisture sorption Tensile properties The effects of variability Elastic recovery Rheology Directional effects Thermo-mechanical responses Fibre breakage and fatigue Theories of mechanical properties Dielectric properties Electrical resistance Static electricity Optical properties Fibre friction.
1,315 citations
Book•
20 May 1999
TL;DR: Dehydration, Infiltration, and Embedding Microtomy Hand sections Staining Histochemistry and Cytochemistry The relationship of the probe to the target Cytochemical localization of cell components Cyt biochemical localization of enzymes CyTochemical Fluorescence Microscopy 12.
Abstract: 1. Quick Start Paraffin Embedding Paraffin Embedding - Microwave method Glycol methacrylate embedding Butyl/methyl methacrylate embedding Steedman's wax embedding Chromosome squashes Hematoxylin staining - microwave technique Kohler illumination 2. Microscopy History of the compound microscope Principles of specimen illumination 3. Chemical Fixation of Tissues The quality of fixation The mechanics of fixation Coagulating Fixatives Crosslinking Agents Other fixation methods Recommendations for fixing plant tissues 4. Tissue Dehydration General protocol Dehydration using a graded dehydration series Dehydration using chemical agents 5. Infiltrating Tissues Paraffin infiltrating Paraffin and PEG Embedding Polyethylene glycol and derivatives Plastic infiltrating 6. Sectioning and Mounting Mounting blocks to microtome stubs The quality of sectioning The microtome knife Setting up the microtome Sectioning Methods Mounting sections to glass slides 7. Staining Dye Chemistry Staining equipment General histological staining Other microtechniques stains and protocols Mounting the coverslip Coverslip mounting media 8. Alternate Methods of Microtomy Free-hand Sections Vibratome Cryostat Sliding microtome 9. Special Methods Clearing tissues with NaOH and chloral hydrate Clearing tissues without removing cytoplasmic components Macerating woody tissues Macerating non-woody tissues Bleaching tissues Preserving color in whole mounted specimens 10. Problem Solving Tissue collection Fixation Tannins Hard materials Sliding microtome Clearing Dehydration, Infiltration, and Embedding Microtomy Hand sections Staining 11. Histochemistry and Cytochemistry The relationship of the probe to the target Cytochemical localization of cell components Cytochemical localization of enzymes Cytochemical Fluorescence Microscopy 12. Localization of Molecular Targets Immunolocalization Tissue Printing in situ hybridization APPENDIX I: TOXICS APPENDIX II: BUFFERS APPENDIX III: COMMON CALCULATIONS APPENDIX IV: MERCURY ARC LAMP APPENDIX V: MANUFACTURERS AND VENDORS APPENDIX VI: OPTICS Properties of Light General lens optics The microscope objective The microscope eyepiece The condensor Fluorescence microscopy Microscopy light sources BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX
1,293 citations
TL;DR: This review analyses the production processes, structure, properties and suitability of these biofibers for various industrial applications.
850 citations
Book•
15 Dec 1996
TL;DR: Growth and Inventory Introduction - Sustainable Fiber Supply, F. Werber and T. Hamilton Inventory of Agro-Mass, G. White and C. Cook Changes in Fiber Properties During the Growing Season, R. Rowell Processing into Composites, B. English, P. Chow, and D.S. Bajwa Properties of Composite Panels, J. Youngquist, A. Sanadi, D.
Abstract: Growth and Inventory Introduction - Sustainable Fiber Supply, F. Werber and T. Hamilton Inventory of Agro-Mass, G. White and C. Cook Changes in Fiber Properties During the Growing Season, R. Rowell, J. Han, and S. Bisen Improvement of Fiber Crops Using Genetics and Biotechnology, T. La Farge, S. Friedman, and C. Cook Fiber Properties Physical and Mechanical Properties of Agro-Based Fibers, T. Rials and M. Wolcott Chemical Composition of Agro-Based Fibers, J. Han and J. Rowell Pulp and Paper Processing of Agro-Based Resources into Pulp and Paper, R. Young Composites Opportunities for Composites from Agro-Based Resources, R. Rowell Processing into Composites, B. English, P. Chow, and D.S. Bajwa Properties of Composite Panels, J. Youngquist, A. Krzysik, P. Chow, and R. Meimban Packaging and Lightweight Structural Composites, T. Laufenberg Chemical Modification of Agro-Resources for Property Enhancement, R. Rowell Agro-Fiber/Thermoplastic Composites, A. Sanadi, D. Caulfield, and R. Jacobson Filters, Sorbents, and Geotextiles, B. English
456 citations