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Journal ArticleDOI

Studies from the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research

01 Aug 1945-Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease-Vol. 102, Iss: 2, pp 213-214
TL;DR: Reading studies from the rockefeller institute for medical research is also a way as one of the collective books that gives many advantages.
Abstract: No wonder you activities are, reading will be always needed. It is not only to fulfil the duties that you need to finish in deadline time. Reading will encourage your mind and thoughts. Of course, reading will greatly develop your experiences about everything. Reading studies from the rockefeller institute for medical research is also a way as one of the collective books that gives many advantages. The advantages are not only for you, but for the other peoples with those meaningful benefits.
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: High-density recordings of field activity in animals and subdural grid recordings in humans can provide insight into the cooperative behaviour of neurons, their average synaptic input and their spiking output, and can increase the understanding of how these processes contribute to the extracellular signal.
Abstract: Neuronal activity in the brain gives rise to transmembrane currents that can be measured in the extracellular medium. Although the major contributor of the extracellular signal is the synaptic transmembrane current, other sources — including Na+ and Ca2+ spikes, ionic fluxes through voltage- and ligand-gated channels, and intrinsic membrane oscillations — can substantially shape the extracellular field. High-density recordings of field activity in animals and subdural grid recordings in humans, combined with recently developed data processing tools and computational modelling, can provide insight into the cooperative behaviour of neurons, their average synaptic input and their spiking output, and can increase our understanding of how these processes contribute to the extracellular signal.

3,366 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The relationship between the familiar "RC" electrotonic response and the oscillatory behavior of the cephalopod giant axons is examined experimentally and shown to be dependent on the membrane potential.
Abstract: The oscillatory behavior of the cephalopod giant axons in response to an applied current has been established by previous investigators. In the study reported here the relationship between the familiar "RC" electrotonic response and the oscillatory behavior is examined experimentally and shown to be dependent on the membrane potential. Computations based on the three-current system which was inferred from electrical measurements by Hodgkin and Huxley yield subthreshold responses in good agreement with experimental data. The point which is developed explicitly is that since the three currents, in general, have nonzero resting values and two currents, the "Na" system and the "K" system, are controlled by voltage-dependent time-variant conductances, the subthreshold behavior of the squid axon in the small-signal range can be looked upon as arising from phenomenological inductance or capacitance. The total phenomenological impedance as a function of membrane potential is derived by linearizing the empirically fitted equations which describe the time-variant conductances. At the resting potential the impedance consists of three structures in parallel, namely, two series RL elements and one series RC element. The true membrane capacitance acts in parallel with the phenomenological elements, to give a total impedance which is, in effect, a parallel R, L, C system with a "natural frequency" of oscillation. At relatively hyperpolarized levels the impedance "degenerates" to an RC system.

283 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Small areas of 3 mm2 on the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata of cats were superfused with buffers of pH 7.0 and 7.8 and an opposite effect of H+ ions was observed, suggesting the existence of two chemosensitive areas.

199 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The impact of Donald O. Hebb's work, especially through his neurophysiological postulate, as described in his magnum opus, The organization of behaviour (1949), has been profound in contemporary neuroscience.

145 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Some experiments indicate that NAA in the brain is a physiologically and metabolically active compound.
Abstract: N-Acetylaspartic acid (NAA) occurs at relatively high concentrations exclusively in the mammalian and avian brain and undergoes rapid rise in level soon after birth (Tallan, 1957). The amount of NAA in brains of mentally abnormal human beings and of young human beings was measured. The route by which NAA is synthesized was shown to involve a direct acetylation of aspartic acid. The degradative activity of the brain toward NAA is slight. Some experiments indicate that NAA in the brain is a physiologically and metabolically active compound.

87 citations