Studies in the vegetational history of Scotland. I. A pollen diagram from Abernethy forest, Inverness-shire [Scotland.

doi:10.2307/2258536

Journal Article•DOI•

Studies in the vegetational history of Scotland. I. A pollen diagram from Abernethy forest, Inverness-shire [Scotland.

01 Nov 1970-Journal of Ecology-Vol. 58, Iss: 3, pp 827

About: This article is published in Journal of Ecology.The article was published on 1970-11-01. It has received 81 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Deforestation & Pollen.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Cambridge University natural radiocarbon measurements, I.

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H. Godwin, E. H. Willis

01 Jan 1981-Radiocarbon

TL;DR: In this paper, the analysis of successive annual rings of a tree that had been growing throughout the period covered by the oat-crop assays, namely 1953 to 1959, was carried out.

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Abstract: In continuance of investigations upon successive annual crops of oats reported in RADIOCARBON SUPPLEMENT, Volume 2, we undertook the analysis of successive annual rings of a tree that had been growing throughout the period covered by the oat-crop assays, namely 1953 to 1959. The selected tree was a straight-holed specimen of Populus nigra from the Forestry Commission's plantations at Santon Downham, near Thetford, Norfolk, It had been planted in 1929 and was felled on 21 October, 1959. Shortly afterwards, 'it was brought into the laboratory and sawn into slices just over 1 in, thick. The surfaces having been smoothed, the annual-ring contacts were marked, and within each annual ring the inner (spring) wood was marked off from the outer (autumn) wood. The tree had been chosen as one exhibiting rapid growth and it proved fairly easy to dissect off with a chisel all the separate half-rings between spring 1953 and the end of 1959. In the event, activities were determined only upon four of the half or whole rings.

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201 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Regeneration Pulses and Climate-Vegetation Interactions in Nonpyrogenic Boreal Scots Pine Stands

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Olle Zackrisson, Marie-Charlotte Nilsson, Ingeborg Steijlen, Greger Hörnberg

01 Jun 1995-Journal of Ecology

TL;DR: Correlation with temperature changes over the past 300 years showed that recruitment peaks of Scots pine lagged 20-30 years behind the warm climate periods and fell to zero in the intervening cold periods, suggesting a wave-like regeneration pattern may result from successful establishment in periods with good seed production on ground dominated by Vaccinium spp.

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Abstract: 1 Age and diameter distributions of nonpyrogenic, virgin Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) populations were studied at six different sites of the Empetrum-Vaccinium type along a latitudinal gradient (65?54'-68?15'N) in northern Sweden. 1910 trees, including saplings and seedlings, were aged at their root collars in order to reconstruct regeneration patterns. 2 All populations had multimodal age structures. Obvious regeneration pulses occurred in the 1770s-80s and 1950s-70s. The three southernmost stands exhibited an additional regeneration pulse in the 1870s-80s. A regeneration cycle of about 100 years in the south and 200 years in the north were thus clearly expressed. Correlation with temperature changes over the past 300 years showed that recruitment peaks of Scots pine lagged 20-30 years behind the warm climate periods and fell to zero in the intervening cold periods. 3 A much smaller number of experimentally planted pine and spruce seeds established and survived in vegetation dominated by Empetrum hermaphroditum than in that dominated by Cladina spp. After two growing seasons, fresh weights of pine seedlings were also much lower in E. hermaphroditum vegetation than in Cladina spp. Spruce established less frequently than pine in both vegetation types. Naturally established pine seedlings were found almost exclusively in vegetation dominated by Cladina spp. 4 The wave-like regeneration pattern of pine may therefore result from successful establishment in periods with good seed production on ground dominated by Vaccinium spp. and Cladina spp. This vegetation type is favoured by warm dry conditions but its establishment possibly lagged behind climate change. The extreme amplitude between regeneration failures and successes found over the period studied may be caused by the specific complex of vegetation responses to climate variability found in this forest type. 5 The results have implications for predicting the effect of climatic warming.

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155 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Studies in the vegetational history of scotland

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Hilary H. Birks¹•Institutions (1)

University of Cambridge¹

01 Jul 1972-New Phytologist

TL;DR: In this article, a pollen diagram is presented from the upper 460 cm of a 542 cm continuous core from Loch Maree, and six radiocarbon age determinations have been made from the sediments in relation to pollen stratigraphical changes.

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Abstract: Summary Loch Maree, West Ross, is in an area of outstanding floristic and vegetational interest today. Native pinewoods occur on the south shore, and the largest northern oakwood on the north shore. High ground supports a range of montane communities. A pollen diagram is presented from the upper 460 cm of a 542 cm continuous core from Loch Maree. Six radiocarbon age determinations have been made from the sediments in relation to pollen stratigraphical changes. The constant sedimentation rate thus revealed has been used to interpolate ages for other events in the pollen diagram. During the last 9000 years of organic sedimentation in Loch Maree, many changes have occurred in the flora and vegetation of the landscape. After the instability at the end of the last glaciation, a climatic amelioration allowed juniper scrub colonization and organic soil development. Birchwoods, with some hazel, succeeded juniper, followed by the entry and rapid attainment of dominance by pine on all acidic soils, especially on the south shore of the loch, at about 8250 radiocarbon years ago. Meanwhile oakwoods with some ash and elm, developed in areas of more favourable soil and microclimate on the north shore. Alder immigrated and rapidly occupied all suitable habitats at about 6500 radiocarbon years B.P., and the pine forest began to degenerate. This process culminated in its rather rapid replacement by moorland and bog, perhaps due to climatic changes, at about 4200 radiocarbon years B.P. AS the oakwoods declined at the same time, human activity may have been an additional factor. However, there is little evidence for subsequent human interference in the area. The constant sedimentation rate suggests that deforestation was primarily by natural means, rather than by burning, felling, or grazing. Comparisons with pollen diagrams from other areas reveals an area of West Ross with a consistent Flandrian pollen stratigraphy. To the north and west, Betula and Corylus are the most important tree pollen types. In the eastern Highlands, Pinus pollen is again dominant, but the time of its expansion and the arrival of Alnus is different. The floristic composition of the pollen diagrams also differs, particularly in the abundance of pteridophytes.

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153 citations

The form and the fate of Scotland's woodlands

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Richard Tipping

30 Nov 1995

TL;DR: In this article, the authors attempt to reconstruct both the natural distribution and composition of Scotland's woodlands, and the spatial patterning, timing and causal mechanisms in their removal, focusing on recent models of vegetation change, new ideas concerning Mesolithic woodland manipulation, Mesolithic/Neolithic transition and the current status of elm decline.

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Abstract: Provides an attempt to reconstruct both the natural distribution and composition of Scotland's woodlands, and the spatial patterning, timing and causal mechanisms in their removal. Particular attention is given to recent models of vegetation change, new ideas concerning Mesolithic woodland manipulation, the Mesolithic/Neolithic transition and the current status of elm decline, and to the interplay of climate change and human activity. An appendix provides a directory of published and unpublished works concerning regional-scale mid-late Holocene vegetation history (51--4).

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145 citations

Cites background from "Studies in the vegetational history..."

...Hazel is the next migrant, at c 7500-7000 BC. Hazel cannot be separated from bog myrtle on palynological criteria (Edwards 1981), but it is very likely that hazel is represented (Godwin 1975)....
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...Birks (1970; 1975) noted that the initial human impacts varied greatly in timing, and this was confirmed by O'Sullivan (1974a; 1976)....
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...Pennington et al (1972) Pennington et al (1972) Durno (1967) Durno (1967) Durno (1967) Durno (1967) Birks (1975) Kerslake (1982) Kerslake(1982) 52 SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF SCOTLAND, 1994 60 Loch Maree 61 Beinn Eighe 62 Coille na Glas Leitire 63 Loch Clair 64 Ben Wyvis 65 Loch Cleat 66 Strichen Moss 67 St Fergus Moss 68 Rora Moss 69 Kingsteps Quarry 70 Bharpa Carinish 71 Loch Reallasger, N Uist 72 Loch Cuithir 73 Loch Fada 74 Stonebridge, S Uist 75 Loch a' Phuinnd, S Uist 76 Loch Lang 77 Barra 78 Leonach Burn 79 Burreldale 80 Allt na Feithe Sheilich 81 LochMeodal 82 Loch Ashik 83 Loch Tarff 84 Abernethy Forest 85 Loch Garten 86 Loch Pityoulish 87 Loch a' Chnuic 88 Inchrory 89 Loch Davan 90 Loch Kinord 91 Braeroddach Loch 92 Nethermills Farm, Banchory 93 Skene 94 Candyglirach 95 Maud Moss 96 Aberdeen buried peats 97 Loch of Park 98 Netherley Moss 99 Goyle Hill 100 Allachy Moss 101 NE Corrie, Lochnagar 102 Monelpie Moss 103 Morrone Birkwoods 104 Coire Fee 105 Caenlochan Glen 106 Coire nan Lochan Uaine 107 Cam Mor 108 Coire an Lochain 109 Eidart 110 Loch Einieh 111 Drumochter 112 Feagour Channel 113 Roy-Speycol 114 Gloy-Turret col 115 An Dubh Lochan, Loch Treig 116 Lochan Doilead 117 Kinloch, Rum 118 Canna 119 ClaishMoss 120 Loch Shiel Birks(1972) Durno&McVean(1959) Kerslake(1982) Penningtone/a/(1972) Durno(1967) Williams (1977); Birks & Williams (1983) Fraser & Godwin (1955); Durno (1957) Durno(1956) Durno (1957) Knox(1954) Mills (1993) Fossitt(1990) Vasari&Vasari(1968) Vasari & Vasari (1968) Heslop-Harrison & Blackburn (1946) Fossitt(1990) Bennett et al (1990) Blackburn (1940) Durno (1957) Durno (1957) Birks (1975) Williams (1977); Birks & Williams (1983) Williams (1977); Birks & Williams (1983) Pennington et al (1972) Vasari & Vasari (1968); Birks 1970, (1975) O'Sullivan(1974a, b, 1975) O'Sullivan(1975, 1976) O'Sullivan(1974a, b, 1975) Preece et al (1984) Edwards (1978, 1989, 1990); Whittington & Edwards (1993) Vasari & Vasari (1968) Edwards (1978, 1979, 1989); Edwards & Rowntree (1980); Whittington & Edwards (1993) Ewan(1981) Durno (1957) Durno (1957) Durno (1957, 1961) Durno (1970) Vasari & Vasari (1968) Durno (1956, 1961) Durno (1959, 1961) Durno (1959) Rapson(1981, 1985) Durno (1959) Huntley (1976) Huntley (1981) Huntley (1981) Rapson( 1981, 1985) Pears (1968) Rapson(1981, 1985) Pears (1968) Birks (1975) Walker (1975) MacPherson(1978) MacPherson (1978) Lowe& Cairns (1991) MacPherson (1978) Williams (1977) Hirons & Edwards (1990) Flenley & Pearson (1967) Moore (1977) Thompson & Wain-Hobson (1979) TIPPING: THE FORM AND FATE OF SCOTLAND'S WOODLANDS 53 121 BySalen 122 Lairigmor 1 123 Lairigmor 2 124 Mishnish 125 Beinn Rheudle 126 Gribun 127 lonaLoch 128 Lochan Mor, lona 129 Loch an t'Suidhe 130 Fhuaran 131 Coire Clachach 132 Torness 133 GallanachBeg 134 Oban 1 135 Oban 2 136 Oban 3 137 Oban 4 138 Tyndrum 139 Clashgour 140 Coire Seilich 141 Kingshouse 2 142 Kingshouse 1 143 Kingshouse 3 144 Corrour 2 145 Rannoch Station 1 146 Rannoch Station 2 147 Creag na Caillich 148 Lochan nan Cat 149 LochCreagh 150 Dalnaglar 151 CarnDubh 152 Corrydon 153 LochMharaich 154 Heatheryhaugh 155 Stormont Loch 156 Laidwhinley 157 Tynaspirit 158 Cambusbeg 159 Mollands 160 Loch Mahaick 161 Methven Moss 162 North Mains, Strathallan 163 Forgandenny 164 Black Loch 165 Pitbladdo 166 Pickletillem 167 Auchtertyre Moss 168 Flanders East Moss 169 West Flanders Moss 170 Woodend Farm 2 171 Gartmore 172 Drymen 173 Dubh Lochan 174 Loch Lomond 175 Lochan Taynish 176 Lealt Bay 177 Bird Loch 178 An t' Aoradh 179 The Strand ] 80 Loch Cholla 181 Loch a' Bhogaidh, Islay 182 Newton, Islay Williams (1977) Walker & Lowe (1981) Walker & Lowe (1981) Lowe & Walker (1986) Lowe & Walker (1986) Walker & Lowe (1987) Scaife & Dimbleby (1990) Bohncke (1981) Lowe & Walker (1986) Walker & Lowe (1985) Walker & Lowe (1985) Walker & Lowe (1985) Rhodes et al (1992) Donner (1957); Williams in Birks (1980) Donner(1957) Donner (1957) Donner (1957) Lo we & Walker (1981) Walker & Lowe (1981); Bridge et al (1990) Bridge et al (1990) Walker & Lowe (1977) Walker & Lowe (1977) Walker & Lowe (1977) Walker & Lowe (1979) Walker & Lowe (1979) Walker & Lowe (1979) Edmonds et al (1992); Tipping et al (1993) Donner (1962) Donner (1962) Stewart (1962); Durno (1965) Tipping (1995a) Walker (1977) Caseldine (1979) Caseldine (1979) Caseldine (1980, 1993) Durno (1959) Lowe (1982) Lowe (1982) Lowe (1982) Donner (1962) Erdtman (1928); Durno (1976) Hulme&Shirriffs(1985) Erdtman (1928); Godwin (1943) Whittington et al (1990, 1991b); Whittington & Edwards (1993) Donald (1981) Whittington et al (199la) Erdtman (1928; Godwin 1943) Durno (1956) Turner(1965) Brooks (1976) Donner (1957) Donner (1957); Vasari & Vasari (1968) Stewart et al (1984) Dicksone(a/(1978) Rymer (1974) Durno in Mercer (1967) Durno in Mercer (1967) Andrewse/a/(1987) Andrews et al (1987) Andrews et a/(1987) Agnewe?o/(1987) Andrews (1989) 54 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 SOCIETY OF ANTIQ Loch Cill an Aonghais Aros Moss Machrie Moor Glen Diomhan Loch a' Mhuillin Linwood Moss Craigbarnet Muir Campsie Fells Auld Wives' Lifts Lenzie Moss Lochend Loch Bog Letham Moss Fannyside Muir Darnrig Moss Drumbow Moss Walls Hill Bog Bloak Moss Shewalton Moss Peel Hill Airds Moss Girvan Loch Doon Snibe Bog Round Loch of Glenhead Loch Dee Loch Dungeon Cooran Lane Little Lochans Carsegowan Moss Moss of Cree Clatteringshaws Loch Moss Raploch Racks Moss Cranley Moss Carnwath Moss Kitchen Moss Upper Eddleston Valley Side Moss Fala Moss Threepwood Moss Dogden Moss Blackpool Moss Din Moss Linton Loch Yetholm Loch Sourhope Swindon Hill The Dod Wester Branxholme Loch Ringside Loch Loch Skene Rotten Bottom Over Rig Bigholm Burn Burnfoothill Moss Burnswark Hill Peglarm Birks (1980) Nichols (1967); Edwards (1990); Edwards & Mclntosh (1988) Robinson (1981,1983); Robinson & Dickson (1988); Edwards & Macintosh (1988) Steven & Dickson (1991) Boyd & Dickson (1987) Boyd(1986) Stewart(1983) Eydt(1958) Dickson(1981) Ramsay, S (unpubl.)...
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...How was this long-standing paradigm (Godwin 1975) challenged?...
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...Turner (1965, 1970, 1975) Boyd (1982) Coles & Scott (1962); Durno (1965) Durno(1956) Boyd (1982) Carter (1986); Edwards (1989, 1990) Birks (1972) Jones (1987); Jones et al (1989) Edwards et at (1991) Birks (1972) Birks (1975) Moar(1969c) Dumayne (1992, 1993b) Erdtman (1928); Moar (1969c) Birks (1975); Durno in Condry & Ansell (1978; Edwards (1989) Carter (1986); Edwards (1989) Erdtman (1928); Nichols (1967) Dumayne (1992, 1993b) Fraser& Godwin (1955) Newey (1967) Newey (1967) Newey (1967) Durno (1976) Durno (1976); Mannion (1980) Dumayne (1992, 1993b) Butler in Rideout & Owen (1992) Hibbert&Switsur(1976) Mannion (1978, 1982) Tipping (1992) Tipping, R (unpub.)...
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Journal Article•DOI•

Studies IN THE VEGETATIONAL HISTORY OF SCOTLAND. V. LATE DEVENSIAN AND EARLY FLANDRIAN POLLEN AND MACROFOSSIL STRATIGRAPHY AT ABERNETHY FOREST, INVERNESS-SHIRE

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Hilary H. Birks, Rolf W. Mathewes

01 Mar 1978-New Phytologist

126 citations

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Studies in the vegetational history of Scotland. I. A pollen diagram from Abernethy forest, Inverness-shire [Scotland.

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