Studies of Modern Man
01 Oct 1972-Annual Review of Anthropology (Annual Reviews 4139 El Camino Way, P.O. Box 10139, Palo Alto, CA 94303-0139, USA)-Vol. 1, Iss: 1, pp 55-112
TL;DR: A review of studies in the physical anthropology of modern man concerns papers that have appeared in the period from mid-1969 to mid-1971 as mentioned in this paper, and aims to show how much activity there is in each major topic of investigation in the biological study of populations of man.
Abstract: This review of studies in the physical anthropology of modern man concerns papers that have appeared in the period from mid-1969 to mid-1971. Though far from comprehensive it aims to show how much activity there is in each major topic of investigation in the biological study of populations of man that exist today, and to pick out any trends in investigation that may be detectable. Several topics have been intentionally excluded, e.g. behavior studies, psychometric investigations, descriptive osteometry, and epidemiological works relating to particular disease states.
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TL;DR: The article demonstrates the need for future public health policies to take new geographic and ecological concepts, such as the pathogenic complex, epidemiological landscape or pathocenosis, need to be integrated into the medical reasoning process.
8 citations
Dissertation•
10 Nov 2011
TL;DR: La malnutrition maternelle constitue une part importante dans l'etiologie de the restriction de croissance intra-uterine (RCIU), nous avons utilise un modele experimental effectue chez le rat, qui consiste en une reduction (de 50% a 70%) of the ration alimentaire quotidienne maternelsle durant the gestation.
Abstract: De nombreuses donnees indiquent qu’un petit poids a la naissance, resultant en partie d’une sous-nutrition materno-fœtale, est associe a une augmentation de la morbidite et de la mortalite durant la periode neonatale, et conduit egalement a un risque accru de developper a l'âge adulte un syndrome metabolique (diabete de type 2, obesite, hypertension arterielle et dyslipidemie). Les mecanismes de cette programmation prenatale sont encore mal connus et impliqueraient plusieurs molecules et systemes physiologiques distincts. De nombreuses etudes suggerent que le placenta serait implique dans la programmations de ces pathologies metaboliques. En effet, celui-ci constitue un organe de communication entre la mere et son fœtus et participe a la regulation de l'homeostasie fœtale. En raison de la proportion croissante de femmes presentant des troubles de la nutrition durant la grossesse et en lien avec leurs repercussions potentielles chez la descendance, il est necessaire de mieux comprendre les interactions entre l’alimentation maternelle et l’unite fœto-placentaire et d’identifier les mecanismes impliques dans les alterations de la croissance fœtale. En consequent, le placenta constitue un organe de choix pour etudier les interactions entre l’alimentation maternelle et le fœtus au cours de la grossesse. Durant cette these, nous avons tente d’identifier de nouvelles voies moleculaires placentaires impliquees dans le controle de la croissance fœtale chez le rat, puis d'etudie l'expression de ces facteurs dans des placentas humains provenant de grossesses impliquant des anomalies de la croissance fœtale. Comme la malnutrition maternelle constitue une part importante dans l'etiologie de la restriction de croissance intra-uterine (RCIU), nous avons utilise un modele experimental effectue chez le rat, qui consiste en une reduction (de 50% a 70%) de la ration alimentaire quotidienne maternelle durant la gestation. Ces regimes conduisent a des troubles de la croissance de l'unite fœto-placentaire reveles par des reductions drastiques du poids du placenta et des poids de naissance a terme. Afin d'identifier de nouvelles voies placentaires impliquees dans RCIU, nous avons utilise deux methodologies differentes: une approche proteomique et une evaluation de deux proteines recemment caracterisees.Premierement, nous avons etudie le proteome placentaire chez le rat RCIU provenant de meres denutris par une analyse proteomique (2D-PAGE et spectrometrie de masse). Cette strategie nous a permis de decouvrir de nouvelles voies modulees par le RCIU et, etonnamment, des modulations importantes ont ete observees pour plusieurs proteines mitochondriales, suggerant un effet cible de la denutrition sur ces organites. Par la suite, en utilisant diverses techniques d'analyses moleculaires, proteomiques et fonctionnelles, nous avons montre que ces organites elaborent une reponse adaptative a la restriction alimentaire maternelle qui pourrait avoir des consequences sur la regulation de la croissance fœtale. Deuxiemement, nous avons etudie deux autres proteines atypiques: le brain-derived neurotrophic factor et l'hormone apeline. Nos resultats suggerent que ces deux facteurs pourraient etre impliques, au niveau placentaire, dans le controle de la croissance fœtale a la fois chez le rat et chez l'homme. En conclusion, comme les techniques cliniques actuelles ne permettent pas de diagnostiquer avec precision un RCIU, nos resultats pourraient permettre une meilleure comprehension de la physiopathologie placentaire et permettre de developper de nouveaux marqueurs de diagnostique et/ou de traitement dans le but d'ameliorer la croissance placentaire et fœtale en conditions pathologiques.
3 citations
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: An opportunity for the collection of specimens for the study of additional blood factors presented itself when two members of the Commonwealth Islands Expedition (1966) visited the Carib Keserve and collected blood specimens which were sent to London to be tested at the Serological Population Genetics Laboratory.
Abstract: THE only Amerindian population in the West Indian Antilles which has largely retained its identity and some important cultural elements is found on the Windward Island of Dominica. This " Island Carib " population, of whom a detailed account, including many aspects of their historical background and culture, is given by Taylor (1938), is of mixed Carib-Arawak origin; it is distributed over a coastal area in the North Bast of the island, generally referred to as the " Carib Keserve." Only comparatively recently has this population acquired any substantial degree of Negro and, to a much lesser extent, " White " admixture. It is still, however, predominantly Amerindian in origin and there remains a small number of individuals known to be of full blood, direct descendents of the island Arawaks and conquering Caribs that once occupied most of the islands of the Antilles chain. The blood groups of this community have already been examined by Dr. Shillingford1 and his colleagues (see Chilling-Kathford et al., 1966) but an opportunity for the collection of specimens for the study of additional blood factors presented itself when two members of the Commonwealth Islands Expedition (1966) visited the Carib Keserve and, during a three week period of investigations, collected blood specimens which were sent to London to be tested at the Serological Population Genetics Laboratory. Dominica, the most northerly of the Windward Islands, lies between Martinique and Guadeloupe in the Lesser Antilles. Politically it is part of the British West Indies. It has an area of 305 square miles, nearly all of which is rugged, mountainous volcanic terrain dominated by a ridge of mountains, of which " Morne Diablotin," the highest, rises to 1,430 m (figure 1). Large areas of the island are covered in dense rain forest, and the heavy rainfall and precipitous slopes leading to the
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Journal Article•
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TL;DR: The red cell acid phosphatase, phosphoglucomutase and adenylatekinase phenotypes have been determined in about 400 individuals from the L’Aquila district (Italy) and the PGM1 and AK gene frequences are identified.
Abstract: The red cell acid phosphatase, phosphoglucomutase and adenylatekinase phenotypes have been determined in about 400 individuals from the L’Aquila district (Italy). The PGM1 and AK gene frequ
17 citations