scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Journal ArticleDOI

Studies of Some Vermiculite-Type Clay Minerals*

01 Feb 1954-Clays and Clay Minerals (Springer Science and Business Media LLC)-Vol. 3, Iss: 1, pp 74-86
TL;DR: In this paper, it was suggested that the minerals studied are dioctahedral forms, which have resulted from the weathering of muscovite-type micas.
Abstract: X-ray and electron-diffraction studies, and differential thermal analyses of the clay fraction of some soils from Virginia, New Jersey, and Wisconsin indicate an abundance of minerals resembling vermiculite. Measurements of the 060 spacing for these minerals give values lower than those obtained for trioctahedral vermiculites. It is suggested that the minerals studied are dioctahedral forms, which have resulted from the weathering of muscovite-type micas.
Citations
More filters
Book
19 Mar 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a method to solve the problem of "uniformity" and "unweighting" of data points.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................(1)
Abstract: ................................................................................................

77 citations

OtherDOI
01 Jan 1965
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a plan of study for the analysis of mineralogy in terms of exchange capacity and sample treatment, and propose a method of analysis for this purpose.
Abstract: _-------______--_______ Introduction. _____________________ Purpose and significance of study Plan of study_____ _ _________ Previous work _ __ _ __________ Acknowledgments __ --------_Methods of analysis __ -_-------_-__ Sample treatment __ _ __________ Exchange capacity. . ____________ Mineralogy ____________________

62 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Abstract: On the basis of mineralogical studies on many kinds of clay minerals found in Japan, the writers attach great importance to subtle variations in clay minerals and discuss them in the light of the concept of intermediate minerals. An intermediate mineral behaves partly as one mineral (say A) with certain treatments, and as mineral B under other conditions. There are two types of intermediate minerals: the deviation type and the mixed-layer type. The deviation type is homogeneous enough in its structure that we can describe it as composed of a combination of clearly different layer groups. The mixed-layer type has an interstratified structure of two or more kinds of layers. Furthermore it is suggested that each component layer of the mixed-layer type, in general, shows the properties of the deviation type. As an example of a mineral that can be discussed in light of the intermediate mineral concept, the writers describe the properties of very complex mixed-layer minerals related to mica clay minerals associated with epithermal ore deposits in Japan. Normally the mixed-layer minerals are found where there has been successive attack under different conditions of chemical environment or in an area that is transitional between two different chemical environments.

38 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a two-phase history of alteration involving acidic weathering and alkaline metasomatism is suggested for the dioctahedral vermiculite and secondary Fe-rich phlogopite, respectively.
Abstract: Dioctahedral vermiculite occurs in an isolated metagabbro klippe (Kurancali Metagabbro) that belongs to the Central Anatolian Ophiolites from central Turkey. Both the metagabbro and the structurally underlying high-grade metamorphic rocks are intruded by granitic rocks. The Kurancali Metagabbro is characterized by its well-developed compositional layering, and the presence of vermiculitized phlogopite-rich layers. Petrographic and mineralogic studies show that the primary mineral phases in the host rock are diopside, tschermakitic hornblende, Fe-rich phlogopite, and plagioclase. Secondary minerals are hornblende, actinolitic hornblende, Fe-rich phlogopite, and vermiculite. A two-phase history of alteration involving acidic weathering and alkaline metasomatism is suggested for the dioctahedral vermiculite and secondary Fe-rich phlogopite, respectively. The alteration of phlogopite to dioctahedral vermiculite proceeded both along cleavage planes and at crystal edges. The vermiculite is colorless to pale yellow with weak pleochroism and shows optical continuity with the parent mineral. Vermiculite flakes, analyzed semi-quantitatively by scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive analysis (SEM-EDS) and electron microprobe (EMP), are characterized by partially expanded interlayers, K depletion, and Mg and/or Al enrichment. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analysis-thermal gravimetric (DTA-TG) analyses indicate that phlogopite is not a pure phase, although it is the dominant one. The XRD patterns show the presence of both dioctahedral vermiculite having dehydrated interlayers and hydroxy-Al interlayers, and interstratified phlogopite-vermiculite. The transformation of phlogopite to vermiculite is thought to represent an initial stage of weathering in an acidic environment.

16 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1964
TL;DR: In this article, a scheme for the identification and classification of chlorite and related minerals in sediments is presented based on X-ray characteristics of the orginal sample and the sample heated at 350°C and treated with K+ and with glycerol.
Abstract: A scheme is presented for the identification and classification of chlorite and related minerals in sediments which is mainly based on X-ray characteristics of the orginal sample and the sample heated at 350°C and treated with K+ and with glycerol. Examples are given.

9 citations

References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI

78 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that ammonium ions held in interlattice positions could apparently be separated from those held on edges and outer surfaces of the montmorillonite clays by a stepwise volatilization of the adsorbed ammonia when ammonium saturated clays were heated.
Abstract: WHEN the colloidal material in the upland soils of the western part of the Corn Belt is examined by the common techniques of clay mineralogy, a general similarity in mineralogical makeup is evident. Clays of the montmorillonite and illite groups are the dominant inorganic exchange materials. In view of the study by Ross and Hendricks (10)' of the montmorillonite group of clays, it seems likely that important variations may occur among the montmorillonite clays found in soils. A method which would indicate differences within this group of clays might furnish information which would help in interpreting soil properties. One possibility for obtaining information of this type was suggested by Cornet (3). In his work the ammonium ions held in interlattice positions could apparently be separated from those held on edges and outer surfaces of the montmorillonite clay particles. This separation was made possible by a stepwise volatilization of the adsorbed ammonia when ammonium saturated clays were heated. The experiments reported here were initiated to determine whether or not other volatile cations such as amines or other nitrogen bases were volatilized from the exchange complex upon heating in a manner similar to that found by Cornet for ammonia. It seemed probable that the energy changes incident to volatilization of these ions might be of sufficient magnitude to permit the reaction to be followed by the procedures commonly used in the differential thermal analysis of clays.

41 citations


"Studies of Some Vermiculite-Type Cl..." refers result in this paper

  • ...The collapse of the structure may be controlled principally by the gradual expulsion -- or more likely dehydration- of the absorbed organic material rather than dehydration of the adsorbed metallic ions, final oxidation of the organic residue occurring after the destruction of the lattice in a manner similar to that postulated by Allaway (1948) for piperidine-treated clays....

    [...]