Studies of the banana fruit surface in relation to the effects of TAL Pro-long coating on gaseous exchange
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of coating on the permeability of the fruit skin to chlorine were caused by stomatal blockage, which physically impeded gaseous diffusion.
About: This article is published in Scientia Horticulturae.The article was published on 1984-12-01. It has received 48 citations till now.
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TL;DR: Modified atmospheres (MA), i.e., elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide and reduced levels of oxygen and ethylene, can be useful supplements to provide optimum temperature and relative humidity in maintaining the quality of fresh fruits and vegetables after harvest.
Abstract: Modified atmospheres (MA), i.e., elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide and reduced levels of oxygen and ethylene, can be useful supplements to provide optimum temperature and relative humidity in maintaining the quality of fresh fruits and vegetables after harvest. MA benefits include reduced respiration, ethylene production, and sensitivity to ethylene; retarded softening and compositional changes; alleviation of certain physiological disorders; and reduced decay. Subjecting fresh produce to too low an oxygen concentration and/or to too high a carbon dioxide level can result in MA stress, which is manifested by accelerated deterioration. Packaging fresh produce in polymeric films can result in a commodity-generated MA. Atmosphere modification within such packages depends on film permeability, commodity respiration rate and gas diffusion characteristics, and initial free volume and atmospheric composition within the package. Temperature, relative humidity, and air movement around the package can influence the permeability of the film. Temperature also affects the metabolic activity of the commodity and consequently the rate of attaining the desired MA. All these factors must be considered in developing a mathematical model for selecting the most suitable film for each commodity.
1,114 citations
TL;DR: E edible coatings have the potential to reduce moisture loss, restrict oxygen entrance, lower respiration, retard ethylene production, seal in flavor volatiles, and carry additives that retard discoloration and microbial growth.
Abstract: Lightly processed agricultural products present a special problem to the food industry and to scientists involved in postharvest and food technology research. Light or minimal processing includes cutting, slicing, coring, peeling, trimming, or sectioning of agricultural produce. These products have an active metabolism that can result in deteriorative changes, such as increased respiration and ethylene production. If not controlled, these changes can lead to rapid senescence and general deterioration of the product. In addition, the surface water activity of cut fruits and vegetables is generally quite high, inviting microbial attack, which further reduces product stability. Methods for control of these changes are numerous and can include the use of edible coatings. Also mentioned in this review are coating of nut products, and dried, dehydrated, and freeze-dried fruits. Technically, these are not considered to be minimally processed, but many of the problems and benefits of coating these products are similar to coating lightly processed products. Generally, the potential benefits of edible coatings for processed or lightly processed produce is to stabilize the product and thereby extend product shelf life. More specifically, coatings have the potential to reduce moisture loss, restrict oxygen entrance, lower respiration, retard ethylene production, seal in flavor volatiles, and carry additives that retard discoloration and microbial growth.
305 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the permeability of commercial fruit wax coatings to O2, CO2, C2H4, and water vapor, and found that O 2 permeability at 50% relative humidity and 30C ranged from 470 to 22,000 ml (STP) × mil/(m 2 × day × atm) (1 mil = 0.0254 mm) with CO)2.
Abstract: The permeability to O2, CO2, C2H4, and water vapor was determined for 19 commercial fruit wax coatings, four ingredients thereof, and one shrink-wrap film. For the commercial coatings, the O 2 permeability at 50% relative humidity and 30C ranged from 470 to 22,000 ml (STP) × mil/(m 2 × day × atm) (1 mil = 0.0254 mm) with CO)2 . permeability two to eight times as high. Permeability to noncondensable gases tended to be higher for coatings made from carnauba wax than for those made from shellac and rosin. Commercial fruit wax had sufficiently low noncon- densable gas permeability to account for large reductions in the respiration rate of coated fruit. Wax coatings could be improved if permeability were controlled: Coatings applied to the surfaces of fruits and vegetables are commonly called 'waxes, whether or not any component thereof is actually a wax. Commodities that are waxed include apples, avocados, citrus, cucumbers, eggplant, peaches, sweet peppers, and tomatoes. Waxing improves appearance, but waxes are often selected with little consideration for other properties. The extensive literature documents various properties that are altered by the waxing of fruits and vegetables. Hardenburg's bibliography (1967) covers 292 papers on waxing. Since then, further studies have described the effects of waxing on diverse crops. Perhaps the most-studied property of waxed fruit is its weight
149 citations
TL;DR: In this article, Zein, a natural corn protein, was used to formulate alternative, shiny coatings by dissolving zein in aqueous alcohol with propylene glycol (PG).
146 citations
Cites background from "Studies of the banana fruit surface..."
...Application of surface coatings covers the cuticle and may plug pores on the fruit surface (Banks, 1984; Banks et al., 1993; Ben-Yehoshua et al., 1985) depending on viscosity, surface tension, and other factors....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a steady state mathematical model which considered diffusion through cuticle and pores separately was used to investigate two possible mechanisms by which coatings achieve these effects: either by acting as a film wrap or by blocking pores.
119 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the composition of l'atmosphere interne du fruit is analyzed, en particulier de la respiration and de la production d'ethylene.
Abstract: Etude du metabolisme, en particulier de la respiration et de la production d'ethylene, par analyse de la composition de l'atmosphere interne du fruit. On met ainsi en evidence les mecanismes d'action de cet enrobage
138 citations
TL;DR: Two methods for sampling the gaseous atmosphere in the intercellular spaces of banana fruit pulp are described and the effects of the methods used were shown to be small in relation to a treatment with TAL Pro-long coating.
Abstract: Two methods for sampling the gaseous atmosphere in the intercellular spaces of banana fruit pulp are described. One method removed the sample directly using a syringe, the other allowed equilibration of gases in the sample volume with the intercellular spaces by sealing a canula into the fruit. The effects of the methods used were shown to be small in relation to a treatment with TAL Pro-long coating which depressed the oxygen and elevated the ethylene contents of the fruit.
52 citations