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Journal ArticleDOI

Studies of the electrochemical reduction of the monohalopyridines

01 Sep 1969-Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry (Elsevier)-Vol. 22, Iss: 3, pp 407-412
TL;DR: In this article, the electrochemical reduction of the monosubstituted halopyridines has been studied and the d.c. polarographic reduction half-wave potential is a linear function of pH over a range of pH that is determined by the isomer being reduced.
About: This article is published in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry.The article was published on 1969-09-01. It has received 9 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Pyridinium.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A novel Ag/Cu alloy nanoparticles and graphene nanocomposite paste electrode was fabricated and its electrochemical activity was investigated using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance studies as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A novel Ag/Cu alloy nanoparticles and graphene nanocomposite paste electrode was fabricated and its electrochemical activity was investigated using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance studies. Electrochemical reduction of chlorpyrifos using the nanocomposite produced peak signal based on 2e − reductive cleavage of C Cl bond in trichloropyridine moiety. Increase in peak currents and decrease in overpotential for chlorpyrifos was observed for Ag/Cu–graphene nanocomposite compared to Ag–graphene, Cu–graphene, graphene paste and carbon paste electrodes. This could be attributed to the synergistic combination of graphene and Ag/Cu alloy nanoparticles with good adsorption, large surface area, increased active sites leading to fast electron transfer rates and high electrical conductivity of nanocomposite. A differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetric method was developed by using the above electrode for highly sensitive determination of chlorpyrifos under optimum instrumental and working conditions. A calibration plot of chlorpyrifos was studied over concentration range, 0.01–100 nM and detection limits of 4 × 10 −12 M were achieved. The method was successfully applied to well waters and soil samples and recovery values were in good agreement with HPLC–UV method.

40 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, cyclic voltammetry and controlled-potential electrolysis, along with quantitative determination of all electrolysis products, have been employed to investigate the electrochemical reduction of a series of mono- and dihalopyridines at glassy carbon cathodes in dimethylformamide containing tetramethylammonium perchlorate.

20 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a quasi-equilibrium mechanism for the reduction of 2-and 4-chloropyridine and 2,3-dichloropyridines in ethanol-water solvent was investigated at the DME.

13 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the trois constantes d'equilibre acide-base des six acides pyridinedicarboxyliques ont ete determinees par potentiometrie and par spectrophotometrie.

12 citations

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the electrochemistry of pyridines with regard to industrially significant processes is discussed, including the reduction of piperidine quaternary salts.
Abstract: Publisher Summary The chapter discusses the electrochemistry of pyridines with regard to industrially significant processes. Over 90% of the reported studies on pyridine electrochemistry deal with cathodic transformations. One reason for this is that the experimental techniques for studying cathodic reactions are more numerous and tractable. One-third of all pyridine electrochemical reports cite reduction of pyridinium quaternary salts. Such transformations have biochemical significance and the products are industrially important. Reductions of pyridine itself are next most frequent, although catalytic hydrogenation has largely replaced electrolytic reduction. The process of reducing pyridine electrolytically represents the largest scale commercial electrolysis of a pyridine compound. There are other processes besides the production of piperidine that occur during cathodic transformations of pyridine. Depending on conditions, dimers, crossed hydrocoupling products, or polymers can be formed; these other products can also have a partially or fully reduced ring. Reduction of pyridine by electrolytic methods is the oldest reported industrial process involving pyridine compounds. Reduction of pyridine under many conditions leads to dimeric reduced products (bipyridyls and bipiperidyls), partial reduction products (3-piperideine), condensation products, polymeric products. The chapter discusses alkylpyridines, vinylpyridines, and hydroxyalkylpyridine under cathodic reaction. It also includes anodic reactions that have low reported yields but are nevertheless of industrial interest. These methods are sometimes an excellent way to obtain functionalized pyridines in a single step, which would otherwise require a multistep conventional process.

10 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a critical discussion is presented of some important theories for the electrode impedance in the case that the electroactive species are specifically adsorbed at the electrode-solution interface.

143 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An experimental verification of the theory for the potential dependence of the faradaic impedance in the case of irreversible electrode reactions, described in part XVIII, is presented for the Eu3+/Eu2+ couple in 1 M NaClO4 at a D.M.E. as discussed by the authors.

65 citations