Open AccessJournal Article
Studies on "allergoids" prepared from naturally occurring allergens. I. Assay of allergenicity and antigenicity of formalinized rye group I component.
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Theoretical andpractical application ofallergoids are discussed, including their potential usefulness inimproving theimmunotheraphy ofatopic humans, and aheterogeneity of allergenic determinants is suggested.Abstract:
Summary.Thehighly purified majorallergenic component ofryegrass pollen (GroupI)wasusedtoinvestigate thepossibility ofdestroying selectively the allergenic properties ofanantigen, whilelargely retaining itsoriginal immunizingcapacities. Theallergen wastreated undermildconditions withformalin alone orformalin plus areactive lowmolecular weight additive. Certain derivatives (allergoids) showedwellover99percentreduction inallergenicity, determinedbythehistamine released fromallergic humanleucocytes invitro, butwere still abletocombine withrabbit antibody against native antigen. Furthermore, theallergoids stimulated production (inguinea-pigs) ofappreciable amountsof antibody abletoinhibit native allergen-mediated humanallergic histamine release invitro andtocross-react withnative antigen byPCA tests innormal guinea-pigs. Residual allergenicity andcross-immunogenicity (bytheinhibition assay) ofthe different formalinized derivatives varied appreciably according totheadditive used informalinization, butthecross-reactivities ofthedifferent preparations in quantitative precipitin analysis against rabbit anti-native antigen serumwere similar. Theresidual allergenicities ofindividual derivatives varied byup to 1000-fold indifferent cell preparations, suggesting aheterogeneity ofallergenic determinants. Allergoid derivatives showednohapten-like activity inthatthey wereunabletoinhibit allergen-mediated histamine release fromleucocytes. Thetheoretical andpractical application ofallergoids isdiscussed, including their potential usefulness inimproving theimmunotheraphy ofatopic humans.read more
Citations
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Allergens and the Genetics of Allergy
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Double-blind, placebo-controlled immunotherapy with mixed grass-pollen allergoids. II. Comparison between parameters assessing the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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References
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TL;DR: By standardizing the technical conditions of the experiment it is possible to use this principle for the immunochemical determination of antigens, and the lower limit of the method was found to correspond to 0·0025 μg of antigen, and to an antigen concentrations of 1·25 μg per ml.
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TL;DR: It has been proposed that immunologically induced histamine release is an active, enzymatically mediated process which occurs as a multistep response of viable cells to a specific antigenic stimulus.
Journal ArticleDOI
Properties of guinea pig 7S antibodies. II. Identification of antibodies involved in passive cutaneous and systemic anaphylaxis.
TL;DR: Guinea pig 7Sγ2 antibodies appear to lack receptors for fixation to guinea pig tissues and do not compete with sensitizing antibody for receptor sites, and gamma-2 antibodies were unable to inhibit passive cutaneous sensitization of guinea pigs by a heterologous antibody system.
Journal ArticleDOI
A double-blind study of the effectiveness and specificity of injecton therapy in ragweed hay fever.
F C Lowell,W Franklin +1 more
TL;DR: The mere magnitude of this medical enterprise might suffice as evidence for its efficacy except that objective criteria for success or failure are lacking and that factors other than injection treatment may profoundly influence the course of pollenosis and the opinion of both patient and doctor.
Journal ArticleDOI
Immunotherapy of hay fever with ragweed antigen E: comparisons with whole pollen extract and placebos.
TL;DR: It seems likely that a major proportion of the desensitizing effect of whole extract can be attributed to antigen E, which was well tolerated by ragweed-sensitive patients, giving fewer systemic and local reactions than whole extract.