Studies on effect of titanate-coupling agent (0.5, 1.5, and 2.5%) on the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of fly ash–filled polypropylene composites
01 Mar 2016-Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials (SAGE Publications)-Vol. 29, Iss: 3, pp 344-365
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of treatment of 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5% titanate-coupling agent (LICA 38) on various properties of fly ash-filled polypropylene (PP) composites was studied.
Abstract: The present article studies the effect of treatment of 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5% titanate-coupling agent (LICA 38) on various properties of fly ash–filled polypropylene (PP) composites. The fly ash content varied from 0 to 30 wt%. The mechanical and thermal properties of the composite material were evaluated, and microstructure investigated through scanning electron microscopy. Experimental results were compared with various existing models. Experimental data for tensile yield strength showed good fit to the existing models. Adhesion parameter or interfacial interaction was also evaluated though Pukanszky model. The values of yield stress and breaking strength of treated fly ash–based composites showed higher values compared to that of untreated fly ash–filled PP composites at corresponding filler content. The overall mechanical properties of fly ash–filled composites are essentially decided by wettability of the filler. It is also found that Vicat softening point improved with the addition of fly ash filler. Mo...
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TL;DR: Titanate coupling agents (TCAs) exhibit satisfactory interfacial bonding, enhanced homogeneous filler dispersion, and improved mechanical properties of the composites, which should be considered in fabricating dental composites.
Abstract: Silane is a dominant coupler that is widely used in dentistry to promote adhesion among the components of dental composites. Silica-based fillers can be easily silanized because of their similarly ordered structure. However, silane is hydrolytically degraded in the aqueous oral environment and inefficiently bonds to non-silica fillers. Thus, the development of hydrolytically stable dental composites is an important objective in the research on dental materials. Titanate coupling agents (TCAs) exhibit satisfactory interfacial bonding, enhanced homogeneous filler dispersion, and improved mechanical properties of the composites. Titanates also provide superior hydrolytic stability in wet environments, which should be considered in fabricating dental composites. The addition of a small amount of titanates can improve the resistance of the composites to moisture. This paper reviews the effects of the instability of silanes in moisture on the performance of dental composites and presents TCAs as alternative couplers to silanes for fabricating dental composites.
39 citations
TL;DR: Minimising the porosity level could have the potential to reduce fungus growth on denture base resin to be hygienically accepTable Such enhancements obtained with Ti-NBT could lead to promotion of the composites' longevity.
37 citations
05 Apr 2019
22 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the surface of the nano-structured fly ash has been characterized for its particle size by using particle size analyzer, specific surface area with the help of BET surface area apparatus, structure by X-ray diffraction studies and FTIR, SEM and TEM have been used to study particle aggregation and shape of the particles.
Abstract: The Class F fly ash has been subjected to high energy ball milling and has been converted into nanostructured material. The nano structured fly ash has been characterized for its particle size by using particle size analyzer, specific surface area with the help of BET surface area apparatus, structure by X-ray diffraction studies and FTIR, SEM and TEM have been used to study particle aggregation and shape of the particles. On ball milling, the particle size got reduced from 60 μm to 148 nm by 405 times and the surface area increased from 0.249 m2/gm to 25.53 m2/gm i.e. by more than 100%. Measurement of surface free energy as well as work of adhesion found that it increased with increased duration of ball milling. The crystallite was reduced from 36.22 nm to 23.01 nm for quartz and from 33.72 nm to 16.38 nm for mullite during ball milling to 60 h. % crystallinity reduced from 35% to 16% during 60 h of ball milling because of destruction of quartz and hematite crystals and the nano structured fly ash is found to be more amorphous. Surface of the nano structured fly ash has become more active as is evident from the FTIR studies. Morphological studies revealed that the surface of the nano structured fly ash is more uneven and rough and shape is irregular, as compared to fresh fly ash which are mostly spherical in shape.
176 citations
Additional excerpts
...0 725 (47) 725 (47) 725 (47) 725 (47) 10 903 (21) 1033 (77) 1175 (79) 1210 (81) 20 1090 (5) 1120 (51) 1365 (23) 1478 (42) 25 1160 (18) 1275 (28) 1485 (27) 1545 (44) 30 1280 (22) 1420 (38) 1532 (26) 1610 (39) Kulkarni and Mahanwar 349...
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TL;DR: In this paper, maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (PPgMA) and organically modified clay composites were prepared in a plastic order and the structure was investigated with X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Abstract: Maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (PPgMA) and organically modified clay composites were prepared in a plasticorder. PPgMAs, including PB3150, PB3200, PB3000, and E43, with a wide range of MA content and molecular weight were used. The structure was investigated with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). PPgMA compatibilizers gave rise to similar degree of dispersion beyond the weight ratio of 3 to 1 with the exception of E43, which had the highest MA content and the lowest molecular weight. It was found that thermal instability and high melt index were responsible for ineffective modification by E43. Furthermore, PPgMA with low melting point and high melt index was compounded at low equilibrium temperature in order to maintain a certain level of torque. We then modified polypropylene/organoclay nanocomposites with different levels of PPgMA compatibilizers on a twin-screw extruder. The PP/E43/clay system, as shown through XRD patterns and TEM observation, yielded the poorest clay dispersion among the compatibilizers under investigation. The relative complex viscosity curves also revealed a systematic trend with the extent of exfoliation and showed promise for quantifying the hybrid structure of the nanocomposites. Mechanical properties and thermal stability were determined by dynamical mechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. Though PPgMA with lower molecular weight and higher MA content could lead to good clay dispersion in PP/clay composites, it caused the deterioration in both mechanical and thermal properties of PP/PPgMA/clay composites.
138 citations
"Studies on effect of titanate-coupl..." refers background in this paper
...Dotted curves represent predicted behavior according to Equation (1)....
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...To substantiate the effectiveness of interaction between polymer matrix and fly ash, Equation (2) put forth by Liang and Yang34 was employed in this study....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a study was conducted in which a lightweight concrete was processed using ceramic microspheres known as cenospheres as a primary aggregate, and the mechanical properties, including compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and fracture toughness, were tested and cataloged.
Abstract: A study has been conducted in which a lightweight concrete was processed using ceramic microspheres, known as cenospheres, as a primary aggregate. The mechanical properties, including compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and fracture toughness, were tested and cataloged. It was determined that the addition of high volumes of cenospheres significantly lowered the density of concrete but was also responsible for some strength loss. This strength loss was recovered by improving the interfacial strength between the cenospheres and the cement. The interfacial properties were quantified using interfacial fracture mechanics techniques. These techniques were also employed to find a suitable surface modifier with which to improve this interface. The admixture silica fume and the coupling agent Silane™ were found to be suitable candidates and both performed well in small-scale compression testing. Silica fume was eventually isolated as a prime candidate. The concrete produced with this admixture was tested and compared to a concrete with an equal volume fraction of cenospheres. The addition of silica fume improved the compressive strength of cenosphere concrete by 80%, tensile strength by 35%, flexural strength by 60% and fracture toughness by 41%.
105 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the ultimate tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and fracture properties of epoxy resin filled with flyash particles have been evaluated by the tensile test.
Abstract: The ultimate tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and fracture properties of epoxy resin filled with flyash particles have been evaluated by the tensile test. The tensile strength of epoxy resin filled with flyash particles decreases the fracture properties and the modulus of elasticity increases with increasing percentage of flyash. It is advisable to use flyash when the void formation cannot be controlled effectively.
97 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, in situ polymerization of aniline was carried out in the presence of fly ash (FA) to synthesize polyaniline/fly ash (PANI/FA) composites.
Abstract: In situ polymerization of aniline was carried out in the presence of fly ash (FA) to synthesize polyaniline/ fly ash (PANI/FA) composites. The PANI/FA composites have been synthesized with various compositions (15, 20, 30 and 40 wt%) of FA in PANI. The composites, thus synthesized have been characterized by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The morphology of these samples was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Further the a.c. conductivity of these composites have been investigated in the frequency range 102–106 Hz. The presence of polarons and bipolarons are made responsible for frequency dependence of a.c. conductivity in these composites. The Cole-Cole plots indicate clear shift in the distribution of relaxation times as the wt% of FA in PANI changes. These composites show almost symmetric semicircles of Cole-Cole plots indicating the Debye-type relaxation in their polarization response.
81 citations
Additional excerpts
...0 725 (47) 725 (47) 725 (47) 725 (47) 10 903 (21) 1033 (77) 1175 (79) 1210 (81) 20 1090 (5) 1120 (51) 1365 (23) 1478 (42) 25 1160 (18) 1275 (28) 1485 (27) 1545 (44) 30 1280 (22) 1420 (38) 1532 (26) 1610 (39) Kulkarni and Mahanwar 349...
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