Studies on the anticlastogenic effect of turmeric and curcumin on cyclophosphamide and mitomycin C in vivo.
TL;DR: Although curcumin is reported to be the active chemopreventive principle in turmeric effective against a number of potential carcinogens in several experimental systems, it was virtually ineffective against the clastogenicity of CP or MMC at the doses tested.
About: This article is published in Food and Chemical Toxicology.The article was published on 1998-01-01. It has received 32 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Curcumin & Chromosome aberration.
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11 Nov 2010
3 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The outcome of this study shows that curcumin is a good antigenotoxic agent against chromium in time and dose dependent manner for fish C. punctatus.
Abstract: Curcumin is a yellow colour main polyphenolic compound which is isolated from dry rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa (family Zingiberaceae). The present study was designed to evaluate the antigenotoxicity activity of curcumin against chromium induced micronuclei induction in fish Channa punctatus. After 15 days acclimatization, the fish were divided in six groups. In group III the induction of micronuclei increased significantly (p
3 citations
Cites background from "Studies on the anticlastogenic effe..."
...However, when bone marrow cells of mice acutely treated with curcumin shows weakly clastogenic [61]....
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TL;DR: In conclusion, phenolic compounds of Codiaeum variegatum reduced the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects that were induced by the mutagenic agent MMC.
Abstract: This study evaluates the chemopreventive properties of phenolic compounds extracted from Codiaeum variegatum (PCCV) against cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of mitomycin C (MMC). Male Swiss albino mice were treated with PCCV and/or MMC, and samples were collected 24 h after the last treatments. We recorded chromosome aberrations in bone-marrow cells and spermatocytes, cell viability and DNA damage (using comet assay) in bone-marrow cells. We observed that the highest concentration of PCCV did not induce cytotoxic or genotoxic effects on mice somatic and germ cells. However, MMC reduced cell proliferation remarkably (p < 0.05), and increased chromosome aberrations and DNA damage significantly. Additionally, PCCV prohibited cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of MMC when administered to animals 2h prior to MMC. Evidently, PCCV induced a significant inhibition (p < 0.05) in the percentages of chromosome aberrations in bone-marrow cells excluding gaps (19.82, 25.23, and 42.34%) and spermatocytes (22.73, 31.82, and 48.48%) at concentrations 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg b.wt respectively. Likewise, PCCV declined tail DNA (%), tail length (μm) and tail moment, and the inhibitory index of tail DNA (%) reached to 89.44% at 500 mg/kg b.wt. In conclusion, phenolic compounds of Codiaeum variegatum reduced the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects that were induced by the mutagenic agent MMC.
3 citations
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: Cytogenetic biomarkers such as chromosomal aberrations can highlight the DNA damage in cells caused by radiation and therefore the possible damage reduction provided by compounds usually called radioprotectors.
Abstract: Several biomarkers are used to identify and confirm human exposure to exogenous compounds. In cases where the exposure has an adverse effect on the genetic material, the interest is focused on the genotoxic biomarkers. If this effect on the genetic material results in changes in the chromosomal structure or number, which are observable and quantifiable by cytogenetic techniques, these changes can be used as biomarkers. Nowadays, cytogenetic biomarkers are endpoints frequently used in population studies; their sensitivity for measurement of exposure to genotoxic agents and the role of some of the cytoenetic biomarkers as early predictors of cancer risk have contributed to this success. Different cytogenetic biomarkers can be used according to the purpose of the study. Those generally used are micronucleus, sister chromatid exchanges and chromosomal aberrations.
Among the wide variety of chemicals to which humans can be exposed, tobacco is a very important. A large number of compounds from tobacco and tobacco smoke have been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as carcinogens or probably carcinogens for humans. The DNA damage assessed by cytogenetic techniques is a useful tool in order to confirm the harmful effects of tobacco on the genetic material.
Other types of chemicals, present in aerosol paints, caused a severe health impact in some workers in the textil painting factories in the region of Valencia (Spain). This outbreak was classified as the “Ardystil syndrome” and subsequently it was decided to carry out a health surveillance program in affected people. In order to evaluate a persistent alteration in chromosomes, the sister chromatid exchange technique was carried out.
Ionizing radiation is another agent responsible for genetic damage. In specific situations these lesions in the DNA are an expected effect of radiation, such as radiotherapy. However, these methods of clinical treatment or medical diagnosis involving ionizing radiation can cause undesired effects involving an impact on human health. In order to avoid or mitigate these undesired effects many synthetic or natural products have been proposed, with an increasing interest in the latter. Cytogenetic biomarkers such as chromosomal aberrations can highlight the DNA damage in cells caused by radiation and therefore the possible damage reduction provided by compounds usually called radioprotectors. Similarly, the genotoxicity of these compounds which are under study can be evaluated. One of the groups of natural compounds with a major interest for application as radioprotectors is the polyphenols group.
Related to ionizing radiation exposure, cytogenetic techniques can be used as a useful tool to evaluate the individual radiosensitivity because it is known that humans exhibit a range of individual variation in the frequency and severity of effects occurring after ionizing radiation exposure. This measure could help to assess the individual risk of subjects exposed to ionizing radiation, thus a better dose adjustment in case of medical intervention or an additional preventive measure in subjects working with radiation. In addition, the cytogenetic technique for the assessment of individual radiosensitivity can be used to evaluate, in vitro, whether certain compounds, which may be present simultaneously with radiation, are capable of modifying the cell response.
In genotoxicity studies, the biomarkers analyzed were the chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges, mitotic index and the proliferation index. From the analysis of sister chromatid exchanges, in the tobacco and “Ardystil syndrome” study, it was calculated the parameter of cells with a frequency of exchanges higher than the 95 percentil and a ratio which analyzed the clustering of exchanges in one chromosome instead of being uniformingly distributed among the metaphase. In these studies it is essential to differentiate the number of cell cycles of the lymphocytes; for this reason, at the beginning of the cell cultures a substance should be added which allows for the differentiation of the first, second and third cell divisions with the Fluorescence plus Giemsa staining. For the tobacco and “Ardystil syndrome” studies, human peripheral blood samples were processed for the cytogenetic analysis of the sister chromatid exchanges biomarker. In the study of the genotoxicity of the polyphenols curcumin and trans-resveratrol, blood samples were incubated with different concentrations of both compounds before starting the culture. Cytogenetic analysis included the study of biomarkers such as chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges and mitotic and proliferation index.
In the radioprotection studies, two different techniques were carried out. On the one hand, the dicentric chromosome assay, which is based on the curcumin and trans-resveratrol pre-incubated human peripheral blood irradiation with ionizing radiation, samples culture and cytogenetic analysis of chromosomal aberrations. Analysis was based in dicentric chromosomes wich are considered biomarders of radiation-induced damage. On the other hand, the premature chromosome condensation technique, which is based on the curcumin and trans-resveratrol pre-incubated lymphocytes isolated from human peripheral blood, fusion with mitotic hamster ovary cells, culture and cytogenetic analysis. Analysis was focused in the counting of chromosomal fragments radio-induced.
For the radiosensitivity studies, the G2-assay was applied in two different experiments. On the one hand, study of the radiosensitivity induced by curcumin and trans-resveratrol, aimed at evaluating the in vitro radiosensitivization ability of both compounds by modifying the lymphoyctes radiosensitivity in G2-cell cycle phase. On the other hand, the G2-assay was implemented in a case report in order to evaluate the individual radiosensibility in a patient undergoing interventionist radiology who suffered adverse secondary effects. With this assay, the patient can be classified as “hiperradiosensitive”, “radiosensitive”, “normal” or “radioresistant” according to the classification of Terzoudi and Pantelias (2011).
Possible alterations in the chromosomal material caused by different chemical and physical agents can be evaluated by using cytogenetic biomarkers. The analysis of biomarkers for the assessment of the genotoxicity of tobacco and some components used in textile airbrushing with non adequate preventive measures ("Ardystil Syndrome") allowed to observe a statistically significant genetic affectation increase in smokers and check whether this affectation was no longer present in subjects affected by "Ardystil syndrome" after ten years of the outbreak.
The in vitro study of the genotoxic, radiosensitizing and radioprotective properties of polyphenolic compounds, curcumin and trans-resveratrol, demonstrates the versatility of these compounds depending on the concentrations used, the cell cycle phase in which they are absorbed by cells and the conditions to which samples are subjected.
The application of the individual radiosensitivity G2-assya in a patient with secondary effects after a medical intervention with ionizing radiation constitutes a first step for the future application of this cytogenetic technique in preventive medicine. Patients and workers subjected to ionizing radiation treatment would have an additional tool to improve the individualization of treatments as well as improving the prevention of occupational hazards.
2 citations
01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: The effects of H2O2, Fe2+ and Fe3+ on curcumin-induced clastogenicity were evaluated in CHO cells and the combination of cur cumin-Fe significantly decreased the total number of chromosomal aberrations and the number of abnormal metaphases.
Abstract: The effects of H 2 O 2 ,Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ on curcumin-induced clastogenicity were evaluated in CHO cells. Curcumincombined with H 2 O 2 did not increase the chromosomal aberrations more than expected based on a simple additiveeffect. In contrast, the combination of curcumin-Fe significantly decreased the total number of chromosomalaberrations and the number of abnormal metaphases. The clastogenicity of curcumin may be related to itspro-oxidant properties and its ability to generate free radicals. Key words: CHO, chromosomal aberrations, curcumin, hydrogen peroxide, mutagenesis.Received: April 26, 2004; Accepted: August 18, 2004. Experiments in vitro and epidemiological studieshave shown that some compounds present in the diet haveantimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties (Surh andFerguson, 2003). Turmeric, a spice obtained from the rhi-zome of Curcuma longa Linn (Zingiberaceae), and its ac-tive principle curcumin, have been studied for their abilityto protect cells from DNA damage (Polasa
2 citations
Cites background from "Studies on the anticlastogenic effe..."
...An increase in the frequency of chromosomal damage has been seen in mice and rats treated acutely and chronically with curcumin (Giri et al., 1990; Mukhopadhyay et al., 1998), and curcumin is mutagenic in cultured Chinese hamster fibroblasts (Ishidate et al....
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...An increase in the frequency of chromosomal damage has been seen in mice and rats treated acutely and chronically with curcumin (Giri et al., 1990; Mukhopadhyay et al., 1998), and curcumin is mutagenic in cultured Chinese hamster fibroblasts (Ishidate et al., 1984)....
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References
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Book•
09 Jan 2018
TL;DR: Indian medicinal plants/, Indian medicinal plants /, مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اصاع رسانی, کδاوρزی
Abstract: Indian medicinal plants / , Indian medicinal plants / , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
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831 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Investigation of the chemopreventive action of dietary curcumin on azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis and also the modulating effect of this agent on the colonic mucosal and tumor phospholipase A2, phospholIPase C gamma 1, lipoxygenase, and cyclo oxygengenase activities in male F344 rats indicates that dietary administration ofCurcumin significantly inhibited incidence of colon adenocarcinomas.
Abstract: Human epidemiological and laboratory animal model studies have suggested that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs reduce the risk of development of colon cancer and that the inhibition of colon carcinogenesis is mediated through the alteration in cyclooxygenase metabolism of arachidonic acid. Curcumin, which is a naturally occurring compound, is present in turmeric, possesses both antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties, and has been tested for its chemopreventive properties in skin and forestomach carcinogenesis. The present study was designed to investigate the chemopreventive action of dietary curcumin on azozymethaneinduced colon carcinogenesis and also the modulating effect of this agent on the colonic mucosal and tumor phospholipase A 2 , phospholipase Cγ1, lipoxygenase, and cyclooxygenase activities in male F344 rats. At 5 weeks of age, groups of animals were fed the control (modified AIN-76A) diet or a diet containing 2000 ppm of curcumin. At 7 weeks of age, all animals, except those in the vehicle (normal saline)-treated groups, were given two weekly s.c. injections of azoxymethane at a dose rate of 15 mg/kg body weight. All groups were continued on their respective dietary regimen until the termination of the experiment at 52 weeks after the carcinogen treatment. Colonic tumors were evaluated histopathologically. Colonic mucosa and tumors were analyzed for phospholipase A 2 , phospholipase Cγ1, ex vivo prostaglandin (PG) E 2 , cyclooxygenase, and lipoxygenase activities. The results indicate that dietary administration of curcumin significantly inhibited incidence of colon adenocarcinomas ( P P P P 57% compared to the control diet. Animals fed the curcumin diet showed decreased activities of colonic mucosal and tumor phospholipase A 2 (50%) and phospholipase Cγ1 (40%) and levels of PGE 2 (>38%). The formation of prostaglandins such as PGE 2 , PGF 2α , PGD 2 , 6-keto PGF 1α , and thromboxane B 2 through the cyclooxygenase system and production of 5( S )-, 8( S )-, 12( S )-, and 15( S )-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids via the lipoxygenase pathway from arachidonic acid were reduced in colonic mucosa and tumors of animals fed the curcumin diet as compared to control diet. Although the precise mechanism by which curcumin inhibits colon tumorigenesis remains to be elucidated, it is likely that the chemopreventive action, at least in part, may be related to the modulation of arachidonic acid metabolism.
706 citations
TL;DR: Salmonella/microsome tests (Ames tests) and chromosomal aberration tests in vitro using a Chinese hamster fibroblast cell line were carried out on 190 synthetic food additives and 52 food additives derived from natural sources, all of which are currently used in Japan.
634 citations