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Journal ArticleDOI

Studies on the anticlastogenic effect of turmeric and curcumin on cyclophosphamide and mitomycin C in vivo.

01 Jan 1998-Food and Chemical Toxicology (Pergamon)-Vol. 36, Iss: 1, pp 73-76
TL;DR: Although curcumin is reported to be the active chemopreventive principle in turmeric effective against a number of potential carcinogens in several experimental systems, it was virtually ineffective against the clastogenicity of CP or MMC at the doses tested.
About: This article is published in Food and Chemical Toxicology.The article was published on 1998-01-01. It has received 32 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Curcumin & Chromosome aberration.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The most detailed studies using curcumin include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antiviral, and antiinfectious activities as discussed by the authors, and wound healing and detoxifying properties have also received considerable attention.
Abstract: Curcuminoids, a group of phenolic compounds isolated from the roots of Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae), exhibit a variety of beneficial effects on health and on events that help in preventing certain diseases. A vast majority of these studies were carried out with curcumin (diferuloyl methane), which is a major curcuminoid. The most detailed studies using curcumin include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antiviral, and antiinfectious activities. In addition, the wound healing and detoxifying properties of curcumin have also received considerable attention. As a result of extensive research on the therapeutic properties of curcumin, some understanding on the cellular, molecular, and biochemical mechanism of action of curcumin is emerging. These findings are summarized in this review.

707 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Three recommended lists of chemicals that would be appropriate to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of new/modified mammalian cell genotoxicity tests are updated and how these should be used for any test evaluation program is described.
Abstract: In 2008 we published recommendations on chemicals that would be appropriate to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of new/modified mammalian cell genotoxicity tests, in particular to avoid misleading positive results. In light of new data it is appropriate to update these lists of chemicals. An expert panel was convened and has revised the recommended chemicals to fit the following different sets of characteristics: • Group 1: chemicals that should be detected as positive in in vitro mammalian cell genotoxicity tests. Chemicals in this group are all in vivo genotoxins at one or more endpoints, either due to DNA-reactive or non DNA-reactive mechanisms. Many are known carcinogens with a mutagenic mode of action, but a sub-class of probable aneugens has been introduced. • Group 2: chemicals that should give negative results in in vitro mammalian cell genotoxicity tests. Chemicals in this group are usually negative in vivo and non-DNA-reactive. They are either non-carcinogenic or rodent carcinogens with a non-mutagenic mode of action. • Group 3: chemicals that should give negative results in in vitro mammalian cell genotoxicity tests, but have been reported to induce gene mutations in mouse lymphoma cells, chromosomal aberrations or micronuclei, often at high concentrations or at high levels of cytotoxicity. Chemicals in this group are generally negative in vivo and negative in the Ames test. They are either non-carcinogenic or rodent carcinogens with an accepted non-mutagenic mode of action. This group contains comments as to any conditions that can be identified under which misleading positive results are likely to occur. This paper, therefore, updates these three recommended lists of chemicals and describes how these should be used for any test evaluation program.

133 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Under the present experimental conditions, CMN could prevent cisplatin-induced clastogenesis by acting as a free radical scavenger and the combination between antioxidants would not be effective in protecting against cisplatin-induced chromosomal damage in animals sacrificed 24 h after cisPlatin treatment.
Abstract: The use of dietary antioxidants to prevent antitumor agent-induced chromosomal damage in nontumor cells is currently eliciting considerable interest. Curcumin (CMN) is a dietary antioxidant that has been reported to protect against clastogenesis in in vivo and in vitro assays. This study was undertaken to investigate the modulatory effects of CMN on cisplatin-induced chromosomal aberrations in Wistar rat bone marrow cells and whether there is any potentiation of these effects with the combination between CMN and vitamin C (VC), which has been reported to reduce the clastogenic effect of many antitumor agents in in vivo assays. Animals treated with CMN plus a single dose of cisplatin, at 18, 24 or 72 h following treatment, presented a statistically significant reduction in the total amount of chromosomal damage and in the number of abnormal metaphases. The results also indicate that the combination between antioxidants would not be effective in protecting against cisplatin-induced chromosomal damage in animals sacrificed 24 h after cisplatin treatment. Under the present experimental conditions, CMN could prevent cisplatin-induced clastogenesis by acting as a free radical scavenger.

106 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results showed that bell pepper was effective in reducing the mutational events induced by EC and MMS and black pepper was only effective against EC.

80 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results clearly indicate the exacerbated effect of turmeric and curcumin on radiation-induced clastogenicity, suggesting that these antioxidants are also potentiating agents depending on the experimental conditions.
Abstract: The effect of turmeric and curcumin, two natural antioxidants, on the frequencies of chromosome aberrations induced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells by gamma-radiation was investigated. Cells were treated with three concentrations of each drug, turmeric (100, 250, and 500 microg/ml) and curcumin (2.5, 5, and 10 microg/ml), and then irradiated (2.5 Gy) during different phases of the cell cycle. Turmeric was not clastogenic by itself, whereas curcumin at 10 microg/ml enhanced the chromosomal damage frequency. Neither of the two antioxidants showed protective effect against the clastogenicity of gamma-radiation. Instead, an obvious increase in the frequencies of chromosome aberrations was observed when turmeric at 500 microg/ml was associated with gamma-radiation during G2/S phase, and curcumin at 10 microg/ml plus gamma-radiation during S and G2/S phases of the cell cycle. The results clearly indicate the exacerbated effect of turmeric and curcumin on radiation-induced clastogenicity, suggesting that these antioxidants are also potentiating agents depending on the experimental conditions.

56 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Turmeric did not adversely affect the food intake, or weight gain of the rats and no histological changes were detected and the study has revealed a useful in vivo model for testing the antimutagenicity.

78 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present results demonstrate that acrylamide is no exception among clastogens, which breaks chromosomes not only in mammalian germ cells but also in somatic cells.
Abstract: Acrylamide, known to induce dominant-lethal mutations (Shelby et al., 1986; Smith et al., 1986) and heritable translocations (Shelby et al., 1987) in rodent germ cells, was hitherto a questionable clastogen in rodent bone marrow (Shiraishi, 1978). Therefore, it was tested for chromosomal aberrations in mouse bone marrow cells, spermatogonia and by the micronucleus test. The intraperitoneally injected doses ranged from 50 to 150 mg/kg. In the chromosomal bone marrow test and the micronucleus assay positive results were obtained with acrylamide, and in the latter test the effect increased linearly with dose. Chromosomal aberrations were not induced in differentiating spermatogonia by the acute acrylamide treatment. Cisplatin was used as a positive control and gave the expected positive response in all 3 tests. The present results demonstrate that acrylamide is no exception among clastogens. It breaks chromosomes not only in mammalian germ cells but also in somatic cells.

75 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Incorporation of either turmeric or curcumin into diets of mice did not show significant effect on the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes, structural and numerical aberrations in bone-marrow chromosomes, pregnancy rate, number of live and dead embryos, total implants and mutagenic index.
Abstract: Incorporation of either turmeric (0.5%) or curcumin (0.015%) into diets of mice did not show significant effect on the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes, structural and numerical aberrations in bone-marrow chromosomes, pregnancy rate, number of live and dead embryos, total implants and mutagenic index. Also rats fed cooked diets containing turmeric (0.5 and 0.05%) did not show significant differences in the incidence of chromosomal aberrations in their bone marrow.

68 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Examination of the frequency of one, two, and three or more replication cycle cells as a function of BrdUrd infusion time indicates that cell replication times for rat bone marrow cells are relatively homogeneous and supports the potential of nonradioisotope analysis of cell replication in vivo.
Abstract: The number of previous cell replications that a metaphase cell has undergone in the presence of BrdUrd can be determined by the differential fluorescent patterns of metaphse chromosomes stained with Hoechst dye 33258. To examine if this technique could be applied to analyzing cell cycle kinetics in vivo, we infused Wistar rats with BrdUrd for 7.5-33 hr at concentrations of the nucleotide analog that did not inhibit cellular replication. Examination of the frequency of one, two, and three or more replication cycle cells as a function of BrdUrd infusion time indicates that cell replication times for rat bone marrow cells are relatively homogeneous. Analysis of this data with a computer simulation model produced a mean cell cycle duration of 9.2 hr, which is compatible with the fastest times obtained with radioisotope studies. These results support the potential of nonradioisotope analysis of cell replication in vivo.

64 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that 18 compounds induced significant increase in chromosome damage and are potentially harzardous and should be studied further in detail.
Abstract: We have surveyed the clastogenic potential of 12 different groups of stains and dyes totalling 48 compounds We observed that 18 compounds induced significant increase in chromosome damage Most of them were also found to be mutagenic, carcinogenic, or toxic in other reported studies However, no significant studies were reported on six of them It is concluded that these agents are potentially harzardous and should be studied further in detail

60 citations