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Journal ArticleDOI

Studies on the cure and mechanical properties of blends of natural rubber with dichlorocarbene modified styrene–butadiene rubber and chloroprene rubber

01 Jan 2005-Reactive & Functional Polymers (Elsevier)-Vol. 62, Iss: 1, pp 41-50
TL;DR: In this article, a comparative evaluation of cure characteristics and mechanical properties of blends of natural rubber with dichlorocarbene modified styrene-butadiene rubber and chloroprene rubber with different blend composition is presented.
Abstract: This paper focused on the comparative evaluation of cure characteristics and mechanical properties of blends of natural rubber with dichlorocarbene modified styrene–butadiene rubber and chloroprene rubber with different blend composition. It was found that the Mooney scorch time and cure index shows a negative deviation from the calculated value based on the interpolation between the two component elastomers. However for the blends, modulus and hardness show a positive deviation. The mechanical properties of NR/DCSBR blend are higher than that of NR/CR blends. Flammability, oil and ozone resistance of the blend showed that as the NR content in the blend increases these properties were decreases and also NR/DCSBR blend showed excellent thermal, oil and ozone resistance than that of NR/CR in entire blend ratios. The mechanical properties, modulus and hardness were also investigated after oil immersion. The changes in mechanical properties were correlated with variation in cross-link density estimated from stress–strain and swelling behavior.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
15 Jan 2015-Polymer
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used proton low-field solid-state double-quantum (DQ) NMR spectroscopy to investigate the variation of crosslink density, the spatial distribution of the crosslinks in the network and the presence of network defects in EPDM rubber.

66 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comprehensive review about previous research done for the development of elastomeric nanocomposites (NCs) based flame retardant (FR) materials can be found in this article.

51 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of blend ratio on properties of chloroprene rubber/natural rubber (CR/NR) blends was investigated, and the results reveal that, due to the better filler dispersion and the greater crosslink density, the silica-filled CR possesses lower com- pound viscosity and better mechanical properties, compared to the Silica filled NR.
Abstract: The effect of blend ratio on properties of chloroprene rubber/natural rubber (CR/NR) blends was investigated. In addition to the mechanical properties, attention was also given to the resistance to thermal aging, oil and ozone of the blends. Silica was selected as a reinforcing filler in this study due to its unique characteristic to interact with CR. The results reveal that, due to the better filler dispersion and the greater crosslink density, the silica-filled CR possesses lower com- pound viscosity and better mechanical properties, compared to the silica-filled NR. The aging properties, oil and ozone resistance of the silica-filled CR are also significantly better than those of the silica-filled NR. The mechanical properties and the resistance to degradation of the silica-filled CR/NR blends are mainly governed by the blend morphology. It is found that good mechanical properties in association with adequately high resistance to degradation from thermal aging and oil are obtained when CR remains the matrix in the blends. Even though the ozone cracks are found in all blends, a thorough look at the results reveals that considerable improvement in ozone resistance is achieved with increasing CR content.

49 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the physicochemical properties of NR/SBR blends cured by electron beam irradiation and sulfur were compared and the results showed that the irradiated blends have better mechanical properties than those cured by the sulfur system.

47 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
04 Feb 2007-Wear
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of adding carbon black (CB) to deproteinised natural rubber (DPNR) was examined and compared with synthetic cis-1,4-polyisoprene rubber (IR), namely Natsyn 2200.

47 citations

References
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Book
01 Jan 1949
TL;DR: In this paper, the Elasticity of Long-Chain Molecules (LCHs) and Elasticity in a Molecular Network (MNNs) is investigated. But the authors focus on the elasticity of the long chain Molecules.
Abstract: 1. General Physical Properties of Rubber 2. Internal Energy and Entropy Changes on Deformation 3. The Elasticity of Long-Chain Molecules 4. The Elasticity of a Molecular Network 5Ex5 Experimental Examination of the Statistical Theory 6. Non-Gaussian Chain Statistics and Network Theory 7. Swelling Phenomena 8. Cross-linking and Modulus 9. Photoelastic Properties of Rubbers 10. The General Strain: Phenomenological Theory 11. Alternative Forms of Strain-Energy Function 12. Large-Deformation Theory: Shear and Torsion 13. Thermodynamic Analysis of Gaussian Network

4,242 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it was deduced that the general strain energy function, W, has the form W=G4 ∑ i=13(λi−1λi)2+H 4 ∑ t=13 (λi2−1 ε)2 + H 4, where the λi's are the principal stretches, G is the modulus of rigidity, and H is a new elastic constant not found in previous theories.
Abstract: It is postulated that (A) the material is isotropic, (B) the volume change and hysteresis are negligible, and (C) the shear is proportional to the traction in simple shear in a plane previously deformed, if at all, only by uniform dilatation or contraction. It is deduced that the general strain‐energy function, W, has the form W=G4 ∑ i=13(λi−1λi)2+H4 ∑ t=13(λi2−1λi2), where the λi's are the principal stretches (1+principal extension), G is the modulus of rigidity, and H is a new elastic constant not found in previous theories. The differences between the principal stresses are σi[minus]σi=λi∂ W/∂λi[minus]λi∂ W/∂λi.Calculated forces agree closely with experimental data on soft rubber from 400 percent elongation to 50 percent compression.

2,775 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a model for the structure of a cross-linked network, such as exists in a vulcanized rubber, which is amenable to statistical treatment, is proposed, and expressions for the structural entropy of the network, and for the entropy change on deformation.
Abstract: A model is proposed for the structure of a cross‐linked network, such as exists in a vulcanized rubber, which is amenable to statistical treatment. Expressions are derived for the structural entropy of the network, and for the entropy change on deformation. The latter is in agreement with the relationship derived by Wall and others by a different treatment.

1,963 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the load-deformation curves obtained for certain simple types of deformation of vulcanized rubber test-pieces in terms of a single stored energy function can be interpreted on the basis of the theory of large elastic deformations of incompressible isotropic materials.
Abstract: It is shown in this part how the theory of large elastic deformations of incompressible isotropic materials, developed in previous parts, can be used to interpret the load-deformation curves obtained for certain simple types of deformation of vulcanized rubber test-pieces in terms of a single stored-energy function. The types of experiment described are: (i) the pure homogeneous deformation of a thin sheet of rubber in which the deformation is varied in such a manner that one of the invariants of the strain, I 1 or I 2 , is maintained constant; (ii) pure shear of a thin sheet of rubber (i.e. pure homogeneous deformation in which one of the extension ratios in the plane of the sheet is maintained at unity, while the other is varied); (iii) simultaneous simple extension and pure shear of a thin sheet (i.e. pure homogeneous deformation in which one of the extension ratios in the plane of the sheet is maintained constant at a value less than unity, while the other is varied); (iv) simple extension of a strip of rubber; (v) simple compression (i.e. simple extension in which the extension ratio is less than unity); (vi) simple torsion of a right-circular cylinder; (vii) superposed axial extension and torsion of a right-circular cylindrical rod. It is shown that the load-deformation curves in all these cases can be interpreted on the basis of the theory in terms of a stored-energy function W which is such that δ W /δ I 1 is independent of I 1 and I 2 and the ratio (δ W /δ I 2 ) (δ W /δ I 1 ) is independent of I 1 and falls, as I 2 increases, from about 0*25 at I 2 = 3.

1,137 citations

Book
01 Jan 1936
TL;DR: Hildebrand's book is an exception as mentioned in this paper, since the reviewer has taken the opportunity to renew his acquaintance with the earlier as well as the later text, and has found this to be a most interesting experience, since the book is full of matter which is not dealt with adequately in the ordinary text-books of physical chemistry.
Abstract: AbstractIT is not often that a reviewer, who has read through the first edition of a book, finds it worth while to do more than glance through a second edition, in order to discover and review the new sections that have been introduced. Prof. Hildebrand's book is an exception, since the reviewer has taken the opportunity to renew his acquaintance with the earlier as well as the later text, and has found this to be a most interesting experience, since the book is full of matter which is not dealt with adequately (and indeed appears to have been largely overlooked) in the ordinary text-books of physical chemistry.Solubility of Non-Electrolytes By Prof. Joel H. Hildebrand. (American Chemical Society Monograph Series, No. 17.) Second edition. Pp. 203. (New York: Reinhold Publishing Corporation; London: Chapman and Hall, Ltd., 1936.) 22s. 6d. net.

1,084 citations