Study of different resource allocation scheduling policy in advanced LTE with carrier aggregation
01 May 2017-pp 2257-2261
TL;DR: This paper deals with Study and understanding of the existing LTE system, mainly about the different resouce allocation methods to employed and proposes a new novel algorithm for both UL and DL scheduling of resources.
Abstract: The hugely increasing demand for mobile broadband access to internet based services will soon challenge even the Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems (UMTS), Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular technology and its future enhancements. The Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning is an important issue in the mobility management of wireless femtocell networks of LTE technology. According to the scheduler allocates resources, required QoS of the user with use of Resource Blocks (RBs) based on the received channel condition feedback form the User Equipments (UEs) in the form of Channel Quality Indicator (CQI). There are several scheduling algorithms are existing, but fails to meet the QoS requirement simultaneously along with scheduling disciplines for communications for public safety users that are demanded to intervene in case of special events or in post disaster area where extremely high peaks of internet capacity required. The existing study on LTE Advanced (LTE-A) scheduling is mostly limited to unidirectional method of resource allocation in Uplink Link (UL) or Down Link (DL), separately. But, there are some works on the bidirectional UL-DL scheduling in other wireless technologies. There is scope of research in the upcoming years in UL-DL joint scheduling in LTE-A system. This paper deals with Study and understanding of the existing LTE system, mainly about the different resouce allocation methods to employed and proposes a new novel algorithm for both UL and DL scheduling of resources. The proposed work aims to bring the fairness among the end users with reduced delay.
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TL;DR: Improved resource allocation scheme for optimizing the performance of cell edge users in Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) system is proposed and simulation result shows that, performance of thecell edge users optimally met with minimum throughput and data rates for reliable communication in the LTE-A system.
Abstract: Improved resource allocation scheme for optimizing the performance of cell edge users in Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) system is proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithm optimally assigns and allocates Carrier Components (CCs), Radio Blocks (RBs) and Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) index for the users based on the Quality of Service (QoS) provision to meet the on demand service requests. The proposed algorithm divides the cell regions into cell centre and cell edge depending on the traffic load on the network. The available RBs are allocated to meet the on demands requests of the users among these two regions. RB usage ratio for optimizing the performance of the scheduling algorithm is used during resource allocation. As the RB usage ratio reaches more than 70%, throughput and data rates of the cell may not be reached in timely and reliable manner. The proposed algorithm takes RB usage ratio into consideration during scheduling to maintain minimum QoS provisions of the users for resource allocation. Simulation result shows that, performance of the cell edge users optimally met with minimum throughput and data rates for reliable communication in the LTE-A system.
40 citations
12 Nov 2020
TL;DR: In this article, a visual system is proposed to help and support visually impaired people using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), where deep learning technique is used for the identification of the objects and the distance of the object is measured using an ultrasonic sensor.
Abstract: Several problems faced by the visually impaired people were addressed over the past 3 decades. It includes transportation, text to voice conversion, alarm, and usage of the internet. There exist still several areas, where support and help for the visually impaired people are dependent on others. Among them is accessing the daily essential needs is of prime concern. Design and implementation of the visual system are proposed in this paper to help and support visually impaired people using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Here deep learning technique is used for the identification of the objects and the distance of the object is measured using an ultrasonic sensor. The proposed methodology suits better for the conversion of the visual scenarios into voice messages along with the distinct location of the objects. The accuracy of the proposed visual model depends on the data sets used in the ANN algorithm. As the depth of the training data set increases, the performance of the prototype also increases with reduced processing delay in identifying the objects. OpenCV platform is used along with the python programming language to navigate through the surrounding.
15 citations
27 Aug 2021
TL;DR: In this paper, a smart door unlock system using face recognition is proposed, which consists of a camera sensor known as esp32-camera for storing the pictures of persons and for live streaming.
Abstract: The rapid growth of technology in the modern society has raised many questions on the terms like security and privacy. Due to the evolution in the technology and industrialization the terms like security and privacy has become imperative for a common person. Authentication is a key factor which helps for the identification of authorized people and helps in eradicating fraudulent activities, robberies, and many other social crimes. Most of the crimes are due to the vulnerabilities in the door locking systems which can be easily accessible by the outsiders. Though there are solutions like smart doorbells and video streaming, which have limitations like heavy cost, complex and have loopholes in the security issues. To diminish the limitations and to enhance the security Smart door unlock systems using face recognition is proposed. The proposed system consists of a camera sensor popularly known as esp32-cam for storing the pictures of persons and for live streaming. The proposed system recognizes the face of the person standing in front of the door with the help AI-Thinker in the esp32-cam. The face of the person is compared with the faces of the authorized persons which are stored in the SD card of esp32-cam. If the person is an authorized person then the door gets unlocked which can be achieved with the hardware component solenoid lock. If the person is an unauthorized person then the door will be locked. The proposed system helps in adapting from traditional mechanical lock methods to enhanced security methods. It also helps in case of losing keys and helpful for disabled persons with easier access.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a utility-based resource scheduling algorithm (URSA) is proposed to maximize the system throughput among the cell center users and cell edge users in heterogeneous networks.
10 citations
27 Aug 2021
TL;DR: In this paper, a full IoT-based Smart Greenhouse system that combines monitoring, alerting, cloud storage, automation, and disease prediction into a single, easily deployed package is presented.
Abstract: Globally, rapid industrialization and urbanization have resulted in a reduction in agricultural acreage and production. As a result of this, and the growing desire for chemical-free organic veggies among educated urban families, greenhouses are rapidly gaining popularity for their specific benefits, particularly in regions with severe weather. They provide the perfect conditions for longer and more productive growth seasons, as well as lucrative harvests. The current article proposes and shows a full IoT -based Smart Greenhouse system that combines monitoring, alerting, cloud storage, automation, and disease prediction into a single, easily deployed package. It constantly monitors environmental variables like as temperature, humidity, and soil moisture to guarantee a better crop production and quick correction in the event of aberrant circumstances. A built-in automated irrigation management system is also included. Finally, for disease detection using leaf pictures, it uses the most efficient deep learning model. Furthermore, using cloud storage to optimise memory and storage, a city dweller may construct a greenhouse and watch it from his home, allowing him to take corrective action as needed.
8 citations
References
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TL;DR: The main technologies for LTE-Advanced are explained, together with possible improvements, their associated challenges, and some approaches that have been considered to tackle those challenges.
490 citations
"Study of different resource allocat..." refers background or methods in this paper
...This method maximizes the throughput whereas with the expense of worst fairness among the end user [2]....
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...The main goal of this algorithm is to maintain the balance between the throughput and fairness among the end user [2]....
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TL;DR: With the advent of 5G the authors will have the opportunity to leapfrog beyond current Internet capabilities, as potential capabilities of the Internet have not yet been fully exploited by cellular systems.
Abstract: Cellular technology has dramatically changed our society and the way we communicate. First it impacted voice telephony, and then has been making inroads into data access, applications, and services. However, today potential capabilities of the Internet have not yet been fully exploited by cellular systems. With the advent of 5G we will have the opportunity to leapfrog beyond current Internet capabilities.
299 citations
01 May 2016
TL;DR: A bio-inspired meta-heuristic and mathematically probabilistic technique of the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) where efficient path establishment and information transfer can be achieved and this project tries to become a state of art technology for the benefit of society and the country.
Abstract: The Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET), which are essentially the subset of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) have been focused in the recent years mainly for the research and development of the Intelligent Transport Systems having the ability for both self-management and also self-organization, making them reliable as a highly mobile network system Also, the disconnection of such high mobile nodes will be a problem in VANET structure, where the loss of information will be critical because the vehicles/nodes in a VANET can move at a speed of 300 km/h or 186.41 miles/h. The protocols suggested earlier used a fixed topology for the mobile nodes in VANET. Even though the scientists had proposed different algorithms like beaconing, greedy or moving directional approach, the environmental changes were ignored which usually play an important criterion in regulation of information. In this paper, we propose a bio-inspired meta-heuristic and mathematically probabilistic technique of the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) where efficient path establishment and information transfer can be achieved. Path availability and the delay time have been used for the evaluation of discovered paths. But, here the real time environmental changes were taken into account and the performance was measured in accordance with ACO. The technical software for VANET implementation using modifications in the ACO was implemented in the Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB)-2015b simulator along with the different randomized changes in environmental conditions. The random movements of the ants have displayed an efficient means for the delivery of packets to the maximum number of available nodes/vehicles in the network with very low latency. So that even if accidental failure of any node occurs, the surrounding ant neighbors will carry the required information to the desired nodes resulting in improvement of the throughput. Thus, the results obtained through various environmental modifications indicated that the use of randomized ACO algorithm for a highly mobile VANET system offers a much higher performance as compared to other earlier suggested on demand methods and can be realized commercially. Hence, this project tries to become a state of art technology for the benefit of society and the country.
58 citations
01 May 2016
TL;DR: The main aim of this paper is to reduce the number of time slots (scheduling length) using different methods like minimum time slots assignment for Breadth first search (BFS) algorithm, simultaneous assignment oftime slots for Local time slot algorithm, balanced tree construction and multiple frequency assignment methods.
Abstract: Convergecast, the process of data collection from set of sensor nodes and forwards to the sink node over a tree based topology is a fundamental traffic pattern in Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN). Time Division Multiple Acess(TDMA) protocol is considered for scheduling, where time is divided into slots. The main aim of this paper is to reduce the number of time slots (scheduling length) using different methods like minimum time slots assignment for Breadth first search (BFS) algorithm, simultaneous assignment of time slots for Local time slot algorithm, balanced tree construction and multiple frequency assignment methods. This proposed work involves construction of a tree structure with random placement of nodes and a BFS algorithm is implemented for aggregated converge cast, which allots minimum time slots to the nodes, a local time slot algorithm is implemented for raw data convergecast, which allots parallel time slots to the nodes to allow simultaneous transmissions. This praposed method attains the less schedule length by using the balanced tree structures. Initially constructed a tree structure with random placement of nodes and applied BFS algorithm for that tree structure. In BFS algorithm, 5 timeslots are required for 10 nodes to send data packets to sink node. The modification of BFS is DCT algorithm, in this algorithm 3 time slots are required for 10 nodes to send data packets to sink node. So from the simulation results we can conclude that, the schedule length is reduced by 40%.
47 citations
TL;DR: Results indicate that the best CQI algorithm outperforms other algorithms in terms of throughput levels but on the expense of fairness to other users suffering from bad channel conditions.
Abstract: Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is a recently evolving technology characterized by very high speed data rate that allows users to access internet through their mobile as well as through other electronic devices. Such technology is intended to support variety of IP-based heterogeneous traffic types. Traffic scheduling plays an important role in LTE technology by assigning the shared resources among users in the most efficient manner. This paper discusses the performance of three types of scheduling algorithms namely: Round Robin, best Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) and Proportional Fair (PF) schedulers representing the extreme cases in scheduling. The scheduling algorithms performances on the downlink were measured in terms of throughput and block error rate using a MATLAB-based system level simulation. Results indicate that the best CQI algorithm outperforms other algorithms in terms of throughput levels but on the expense of fairness to other users suffering from bad channel conditions. ABSTRAK : Teknologi baru Evolusi Jangka Panjang (LTE) sentiasa berubah dan ia bercirikan kelajuan kadar data sangat tinggi yang membolehkan pengguna mengakses internet melalui telefon bimbit dan peranti elektronik lain. Teknologi seperti ini bertujuan menyokong pelbagai jenis trafik heterogen berasaskan IP. Penjadualan trafik memainkan peranan penting dalam teknologi LTE bagi mengagihkan sumber perkongsian secara paling berkesan di kalangan pengguna. Kertas ini membincangkan prestasi tiga jenis algoritma penjadualan iaitu: pusingan Robin, penunjuk kualiti saluran (CQI) terbaik dan penjadualan berkadar adil (PF) yang merupakan kes ekstrem dalam penjadualan. Prestasi penjadualan Algoritma di pautan turun diukur dari segi daya pemprosesan dan kadar ralat blok melalui simulasi sistem menggunakan MATLAB. Hasil kajian menunjukkan algoritma CQI adalah yang terbaik berbanding hasil algoritma lain dari segi tahap daya pemprosesan tetapi algoritma ini menyebabkan pengguna lain mengalami keadaan saluran buruk. KEYWORDS : LTE; round robin; best CQI; proportional fair; scheduling; resource blocks
41 citations