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Journal ArticleDOI

Study of traffic flow characteristics using different vehicle-following models under mixed traffic conditions

TL;DR: The performance of different vehicle-following models was evaluated based on different Measure of Effectiveness (MoE) using field data collected from a four-lane divided urban arterial road in Chennai city and the results showed the promise of some measures based on vehicle class.
Abstract: To understand the congestion problem and the occurrence of bottlenecks and to formulate solutions for it, a thorough study of vehicle-to-vehicle interactions is necessary. Car-following models replicate the behavior of a driver following another vehicle. These models are widely used in the development of traffic simulation models, and in analysis of safety and capacity. In India, traffic on roads is mixed in nature with wide variations in physical dimensions and other vehicular and traffic characteristics with loose lane discipline. In mixed traffic conditions, leader-follower vehicle types are not only car–car cases but also there are different combinations of vehicles (e.g. car-two wheeler, two wheeler-auto rickshaw, and heavy vehicle-two wheeler). The present study focuses on evaluation of different vehicle-following models under mixed traffic conditions. The car-following models such as Gipps, Intelligent Driver Model (IDM), Krauss Model and Das and Asundi were selected for this study. These m...
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Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: The present study focuses on development of simulation models for bi-directional mixed traffic flow using object oriented programming (OOP) concepts and the proposed model would be of significant assistance to traffic engineers while making key decisions in traffic control and management policies.
Abstract: Most of the Indian urban roads are bi-directional in nature consists of mix up of different vehicle types with weak lane discipline. A mathematical or analytical treatment of such condition is found infeasible due to its complex nature. Hence, simulation has become inevitable tool for analysis and interpretation of such real world situations. There are only few studies which focuses exclusively on developing a bidirectional traffic simulation model considering the longitudinal and lateral behaviour of vehicles for urban undivided roads. With the above motivation, the present study focuses on development of simulation models for bi-directional mixed traffic flow using object oriented programming (OOP) concepts. The proposed model would be of significant assistance to traffic engineers while making key decisions in traffic control and management policies.

1 citations


Cites methods from "Study of traffic flow characteristi..."

  • ...In the proposed model, the longitudinal movements are governed by Gipps model [18] with vehicle type dependent parameters [8, 19]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , a continuous wavelet transformation with oblique cumulative arrival and oblique occupancy time plots is proposed for estimating the fundamental relationships between traffic flow variables using empirical data. But, their relationships in mixed traffic are challenging to model due to the continuously changing vehicle composition.
Abstract: A thorough understanding of the fundamental relation of traffic flow variables is critical for the efficient operation of traffic systems. However, their relationships in mixed traffic are challenging to model due to the continuously changing vehicle composition. This paper proposes a composition-based approach for estimating the fundamental relationships between traffic flow variables using empirical data. The methodology seeks to eliminate the difficulties in class-specific ss identification by introducing a continuous wavelet transformation with oblique cumulative arrival and oblique occupancy time plots. We used machine learning (ML) algorithms to delineate regimes and showed the fundamental diagrams for a given location that has a composition-invariant free-flow branch but has distinct composition-specific branches in congestion. Also, it was observed that the congested regime (CR) has a wide scatter indicating possible stochastic inter-class interactions for varying vehicular composition. We proposed a distance optimization method to re-cluster the CR data and found that the proposed method improves the fit with the empirical observations. The inter-class interactions result illustrates that the heavy vehicles will dominate the high-speed vehicles with the increase of AO. It is found that beyond a critical level of AO in congestion, all vehicle class travel at the same speed. Finally, it is found that validation with different datasets shows that the proposed methodology is robust in estimating fundamental diagrams under mixed traffic conditions.

1 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: A particle whose position evolves along the edges of a network is considered, one definition for the displacement of a particle is the length of the shortest path on the network between the current and the edges.
Abstract: Consider a particle whose position evolves along the edges of a network. One definition for the displacement of a particle is the length of the shortest path on the network between the current and initial positions of the particle. Such a definition fails to incorporate information of the actual path the particle traversed. In this work we consider another definition for the displacement of a particle on networked topologies. Using this definition, which we term the winding distance, we demonstrate that for Brownian particles, confinement to a network can induce a transition in the mean squared displacement from diffusive to ballistic behaviour, $\langle x^2(t) \rangle \propto t^2$ for long times. A multiple scales approach is used to derive a macroscopic evolution equation for the displacement of a particle and uncover a topological condition for whether this transition in the mean squared displacement will occur. Furthermore, for networks satisfying this topological condition, we identify a prediction of the timescale upon which the displacement transitions to long-time behaviour. Finally, we extend the investigation of displacement on networks to a class of anomalously diffusive transport processes, where we find that the mean squared displacement at long times is affected by both network topology and the character of the transport process.

1 citations


Cites background from "Study of traffic flow characteristi..."

  • ...Transport processes in such environments are not just of interest within the biological sciences, but are ubiquitous in the study of traffic flow [4, 5] and human crowd management [6]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , a new methodology for estimating the probable rear-end collisions in the given traffic stream is developed based on the relation between time-to-collision and relative speeds in vehicle-following behavior.

1 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , two car-following models, Intelligent Driver Model (IDM) and Full Velocity Difference Model (FVDM), are calibrated using trajectory data collected on an urban arterial road in Chennai, India using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.
Abstract: Car-following models are the cornerstones of microscopic traffic simulation tools and intelligent transportation systems, but the applicability of car-following models to disordered traffic have not been investigated in detail with longer trajectory dataset. To address this gap, two car-following models namely, Intelligent Driver Model (IDM) and Full Velocity Difference Model (FVDM) are calibrated using trajectory data collected on an urban arterial road in Chennai, India using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. The raw data are smoothed for noise removal and the car-following pairs are identified based on the lateral overlap and following duration. The models are calibrated by minimizing the deviations between the observed and simulated longitudinal gaps between leader and follower using genetic algorithm. The obtained errors are between 2.5% and 19.5%, which are comparable with standard ranges of error reported in literature. The optimal parameter values represent the distinct characteristics of disordered traffic in comparison with the homogeneous traffic.

1 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that the results of the microscopic model can be understood by formulating the theoretical phase diagram for bottlenecks in a more general way, and a local drop of the road capacity induced by parameter variations has essentially the same effect as an on-ramp.
Abstract: We present data from several German freeways showing different kinds of congested traffic forming near road inhomogeneities, specifically lane closings, intersections, or uphill gradients. The states are localized or extended, homogeneous or oscillating. Combined states are observed as well, like the coexistence of moving localized clusters and clusters pinned at road inhomogeneities, or regions of oscillating congested traffic upstream of nearly homogeneous congested traffic. The experimental findings are consistent with a recently proposed theoretical phase diagram for traffic near on-ramps [D. Helbing, A. Hennecke, and M. Treiber, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4360 (1999)]. We simulate these situations with a continuous microscopic single-lane model, the ``intelligent driver model,'' using empirical boundary conditions. All observations, including the coexistence of states, are qualitatively reproduced by describing inhomogeneities with local variations of one model parameter. We show that the results of the microscopic model can be understood by formulating the theoretical phase diagram for bottlenecks in a more general way. In particular, a local drop of the road capacity induced by parameter variations has essentially the same effect as an on-ramp.

3,432 citations


"Study of traffic flow characteristi..." refers background in this paper

  • ...In mixed traffic, when vehicles are progressing in urban networks with congested traffic, they follow the leader closely and select the following speed and following distance according to the principle of collision avoidance (Gipps 1981; Krauss 1997; Treiber, Hennecke, and Helbing 2000)....

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  • ...The safety distance models (Gipps 1981; Krauss 1997; Treiber, Hennecke, and Helbing 2000) assume that the following vehicle will maintain a safe distance with the vehicle in front and will select its speed to ensure that the vehicle can stop safely to avoid a rear-end collision....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this model, the legal velocity function is introduced, which is a function of the headway of the preceding vehicle, and the evolution of traffic congestion is observed with the development of time.
Abstract: We present a dynamical model of traffic congestion based on the equation of motion of each vehicle. In this model, the legal velocity function is introduced, which is a function of the headway of the preceding vehicle. We investigate this model with both analytic and numerical methods. The stability of traffic flow is analyzed, and the evolution of traffic congestion is observed with the development of time.

2,505 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new model is constructed for the response of the following vehicle based on the assumption that each driver sets limits to his desired braking and acceleration rates and it is shown that when realistic values are assigned to the parameters in a simulation, the model reproduces the characteristics of real traffic flow.
Abstract: The ability to predict the response of a vehicle in a stream of traffic to the behaviour of its predecessor is important in estimating what effect changes to the driving environment will have on traffic flow. Various proposed to explain this behaviour have different strengths and weaknesses. The paper constructs a new model for the response of the following vehicle based on the assumption that each driver sets limits to his desired braking and acceleration rates. The parameters in the model correspond directly to obvious characteristics of driver behaviour and the paper goes on to show that when realistic values are assigned to the parameters in a simulation, the model reproduces the characteristics of real traffic flow.

1,925 citations


"Study of traffic flow characteristi..." refers background in this paper

  • ...In mixed traffic, when vehicles are progressing in urban networks with congested traffic, they follow the leader closely and select the following speed and following distance according to the principle of collision avoidance (Gipps 1981; Krauss 1997; Treiber, Hennecke, and Helbing 2000)....

    [...]

  • ...The safety distance models (Gipps 1981; Krauss 1997; Treiber, Hennecke, and Helbing 2000) assume that the following vehicle will maintain a safe distance with the vehicle in front and will select its speed to ensure that the vehicle can stop safely to avoid a rear-end collision....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A variety of nonlinear follow-the-leader models of traffic flow are discussed in this article in the light of available observational and experimental data, with emphasis placed on steady-state flow equations.
Abstract: A variety of nonlinear follow-the-leader models of traffic flow are discussed in the light of available observational and experimental data. Emphasis is placed on steady-state flow equations. Some trends regarding the advantages of certain follow-the-leader functionals over others are established. However, it is found from extensive correlation studies that more data are needed before one can establish the unequivocal superiority of one particular model. A discussion is given of some ideas concerning the possible reasons for the existence of a bimodal flow versus concentration curve especially for multilane highways.

1,429 citations


"Study of traffic flow characteristi..." refers background in this paper

  • ...…as a stimulus-response concept based on the assumption that the driver of the following vehicle accurately perceives and reacts appropriately to the spacing and speed differential between the following and the lead vehicles (Chandler, Herman, and Montroll 1958; Gazis, Herman, and Rothery 1961)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the acceleration at time t of a car attempting to follow a leader is proportional to the difference in velocity of the two cars at a time t-Δ, Δ being about 1.5 sec and the proportionality constant being about 0.37 sec-1.
Abstract: The manner in which vehicles follow each other on a highway without passing and the propagation disturbances down a line of vehicles has been investigated. Experimental data is presented which indicates that the acceleration at time t of a car which is attempting to follow a leader is proportional to the difference in velocity of the two cars at a time t-Δ, Δ being about 1.5 sec and the proportionality constant being about 0.37 sec-1. It is shown theoretically that the motion of a long line of vehicles becomes unstable when the product of the lag time and the proportionality constant exceeds one-half. The experimental data implies that driving is done on the verge of instability. A variety of other laws of following is analyzed theoretically.

1,351 citations


"Study of traffic flow characteristi..." refers background in this paper

  • ...…as a stimulus-response concept based on the assumption that the driver of the following vehicle accurately perceives and reacts appropriately to the spacing and speed differential between the following and the lead vehicles (Chandler, Herman, and Montroll 1958; Gazis, Herman, and Rothery 1961)....

    [...]