Style in Language
01 Sep 1961-The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism (Oxford Academic)-Vol. 20, Iss: 1, pp 110-111
About: This article is published in The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism.The article was published on 1961-09-01. It has received 763 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Style (sociolinguistics).
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TL;DR: The concept of indexical order is introduced in this article to analyze how semiotic agents access macro-sociological plane categories and concepts as values in the indexable realm of the micro-contextual.
2,120 citations
TL;DR: The basic principle of language style is that an individual speaker does not always talk in the same way on all occasions as discussed by the authors, which is one of the most challenging aspects of sociolinguistic variation.
Abstract: Language style is one of the most challenging aspects of sociolinguistic variation. The basic principle of language style is that an individual speaker does not always talk in the same way on all occasions. Style means that speakers have alternatives or choices — a ‘that way’ which could have been chosen instead of a ‘this way’. Speakers talk in different ways in different situations, and these different ways of speaking can carry different social meanings.
2,116 citations
TL;DR: The motivation, planning, production,production, comprehension, coordination, and evaluation of human social life may be based largely on combinations of 4 psychological models: communal sharing, authority ranking, equality matching, market pricing and market pricing.
Abstract: The motivation, planning, production, comprehension, coordination, and evaluation of human social life may be based largely on combinations of 4 psychological models. In communal sharing, people treat all members of a category as equivalent. In authority ranking, people attend to their positions in a linear ordering. In equality matching, people keep track of the imbalances among them. In market pricing, people orient to ratio values. Cultures use different rules to implement the 4 models. In addition to an array of inductive evidence from many cultures and approaches, the theory has been supported by ethnographic field work and 19 experimental studies using 7 different methods testing 6 different cognitive predictions on a wide range of subjects from 5 cultures.
2,063 citations
TL;DR: This paper presented an account of politeness phenomena in modern Chinese and made a critical comparison between western notions of face and politeness and their Chinese counterparts, and four politeness maxims are formulated and illustrated.
870 citations
TL;DR: The authors discuss the emergence and spread of a prestige register of spoken British English, nowadays called Received Pronunciation, and propose specific models for understanding the circulation of discourse across social populations and the means by which these values are recognized, maintained and transformed.
831 citations
References
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TL;DR: The concept of indexical order is introduced in this article to analyze how semiotic agents access macro-sociological plane categories and concepts as values in the indexable realm of the micro-contextual.
2,120 citations
TL;DR: The basic principle of language style is that an individual speaker does not always talk in the same way on all occasions as discussed by the authors, which is one of the most challenging aspects of sociolinguistic variation.
Abstract: Language style is one of the most challenging aspects of sociolinguistic variation. The basic principle of language style is that an individual speaker does not always talk in the same way on all occasions. Style means that speakers have alternatives or choices — a ‘that way’ which could have been chosen instead of a ‘this way’. Speakers talk in different ways in different situations, and these different ways of speaking can carry different social meanings.
2,116 citations
TL;DR: The motivation, planning, production,production, comprehension, coordination, and evaluation of human social life may be based largely on combinations of 4 psychological models: communal sharing, authority ranking, equality matching, market pricing and market pricing.
Abstract: The motivation, planning, production, comprehension, coordination, and evaluation of human social life may be based largely on combinations of 4 psychological models. In communal sharing, people treat all members of a category as equivalent. In authority ranking, people attend to their positions in a linear ordering. In equality matching, people keep track of the imbalances among them. In market pricing, people orient to ratio values. Cultures use different rules to implement the 4 models. In addition to an array of inductive evidence from many cultures and approaches, the theory has been supported by ethnographic field work and 19 experimental studies using 7 different methods testing 6 different cognitive predictions on a wide range of subjects from 5 cultures.
2,063 citations
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TL;DR: Language and Gender as discussed by the authors is an introduction to the study of the relation between gender and language use, written by two leading experts in the field, who argue that the connections between language and gender are deep yet fluid, and arise in social practice.
Abstract: Language and Gender is an introduction to the study of the relation between gender and language use, written by two leading experts in the field. This new edition, thoroughly updated and restructured, brings out more strongly an emphasis on practice and change, while retaining the broad scope of its predecessor and its accessible introductions which explain the key concepts in a non-technical way. The authors integrate issues of sexuality more thoroughly into the discussion, exploring more diverse gendered and sexual identities and practices. The core emphasis is on change, both in linguistic resources and their use and in gender and sexual ideologies and personae. This book explores how change often involves conflict and competing norms, both social and linguistic. Drawing on their own extensive research, as well as other key literature, the authors argue that the connections between language and gender are deep yet fluid, and arise in social practice.
1,383 citations
TL;DR: This paper presented an account of politeness phenomena in modern Chinese and made a critical comparison between western notions of face and politeness and their Chinese counterparts, and four politeness maxims are formulated and illustrated.
870 citations