Journal ArticleDOI
Submillimetre images of dusty debris around nearby stars
Wayne S. Holland,Jane Greaves,Barry Zuckerman,R. A. Webb,C. McCarthy,I. M. Coulson,D. Walther,William R. M. Dent,Walter Kieran Gear,Ian Robson +9 more
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TLDR
In this paper, the presence of the central cavity, approximately the size of Neptune's orbit, was detected in the emission from Fomalhaut, beta Pictoris and Vega, which may be the signature of Earth-like planets.Abstract:
Indirect detections of massive — presumably Jupiter-like — planets orbiting nearby Sun-like stars have recently been reported1,2. Rocky, Earth-like planets are much more difficult to detect, but clues to their possible existence can nevertheless be obtained from observations of the circumstellar debris disks of dust from which they form. The presence of such disks has been inferred3 from excess far-infrared emission but, with the exception of beta Pictoris4, it has proved difficult to image these structures directly as starlight dominates the faint light scattered by the dust5. A more promising approach is to attempt to image the thermal emission from the dust grains at submillimetre wavelengths6,7. Here we present images of such emission around Fomalhaut, beta Pictoris and Vega. For each star, dust emission is detected from regions comparable in size to the Sun's Kuiper belt of comets. The total dust mass surrounding each star is only a few lunar masses, so any Earth-like planets present must already have formed. The presence of the central cavity, approximately the size of Neptune's orbit, that we detect in the emission from Fomalhaut may indeed be the signature of such planets.read more
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Materials for terahertz science and technology
Bradley Ferguson,Xi-Cheng Zhang +1 more
TL;DR: Terahertz spectroscopy and imaging provide a powerful tool for the characterization of a broad range of materials, including semiconductors and biomolecules, as well as novel, higher-power terahertz sources.
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Surface Hydration: Principles and Applications Toward Low-fouling/nonfouling Biomaterials
TL;DR: In this article, two major classes of non-fouling materials (i.e., hydrophilic and zwitterionic materials) and associated basic non fouling mechanisms and practical examples are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evolution of Debris Disks
TL;DR: In this article, a review describes the theoretical framework within which debris disk evolution takes place and shows how that framework has been constrained by observations, including infrared photometry of large numbers of debris disks, providing snapshots of the dust present at different evolutionary phases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Young Stars Near the Sun
Barry Zuckerman,Inseok Song +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the TW Hydrae Association, the Tucana/Horologium Association, β Pictoris Moving Group, and AB Doradus Moving Group were identified within ∼60 pc of Earth, and the η Chamaeleontis cluster was found at 97 pc.
Journal ArticleDOI
SCUBA-2: the 10 000 pixel bolometer camera on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
Wayne S. Holland,Wayne S. Holland,D. Bintley,E. L. Chapin,Antonio Chrysostomou,Gary R. Davis,Jessica Dempsey,William Duncan,William Duncan,Michel Fich,Per Friberg,Mark Halpern,Kent D. Irwin,Tim Jenness,B. D. Kelly,M. J. MacIntosh,E. I. Robson,Douglas Scott,Peter A. R. Ade,Eli Atad-Ettedgui,David S. Berry,Simon C. Craig,Xiaofeng Gao,Andy Gibb,Gene C. Hilton,Matthew I. Hollister,Jan Kycia,David Lunney,H. McGregor,David Montgomery,William Parkes,Remo P. J. Tilanus,Joel N. Ullom,Craig Walther,Anthony J. Walton,Adam Woodcraft,Mandana Amiri,David Atkinson,B. Burger,Timothy C. Chuter,I. M. Coulson,William B. Doriese,Camelia Dunare,Frossie Economou,Michael D. Niemack,Harriet Parsons,Carl D. Reintsema,B. Sibthorpe,Ian Smail,R. V. Sudiwala,H. Thomas +50 more
TL;DR: SCUBA-2 as mentioned in this paper is an innovative 10000 pixel bolometer camera operating at submillimetre wavelengths on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT), which has the capability to carry out wide-field surveys to unprecedented depths, addressing key questions relating to the origins of galaxies, stars and planets.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
A Jupiter-Mass Companion to a Solar-Type Star
Michel Mayor,Didier Queloz +1 more
TL;DR: The presence of a Jupiter-mass companion to the star 51 Pegasi is inferred from observations of periodic variations in the star's radial velocity as discussed by the authors, which would be well inside the orbit of Mercury in our Solar System.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Deep Submillimeter Survey of Lensing Clusters: A New Window on Galaxy Formation and Evolution
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented the first results of a submillimeter survey of distant clusters using the new Submillimeter Common-User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope.
Journal ArticleDOI
Composition and radiative properties of grains in molecular clouds and accretion disks
James B. Pollack,David Hollenbach,Steven V. W. Beckwith,Damon P. Simonelli,Ted L. Roush,Wesley Fong +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors defined a model of the compositon and abundances of grains and gases in molecular cloud cores and accretion disks around young stars by employing a wide range of astronomical data and theory, the composition of primitive bodies in the solar system, and solar elemental abundances.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Deep Sub-millimeter Survey of Lensing Clusters: A New Window on Galaxy Formation and Evolution
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented the first results of a sub-millimeter survey of distant clusters using the new Sub-mm Common-User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope.