Substrate Integrated Waveguide Cavity-Backed Dumbbell-Shaped Slot Antenna for Dual-Frequency Applications
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel dumbbell-shaped slot along with thin substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity backing is used to design dual-frequency slot antenna, which exhibits unidirectional radiation characteristics, high gain, high front to back ratio (FTBR) at each resonant frequency while maintaining low profile, planar configuration.
Abstract: In this letter, a novel dumbbell-shaped slot along with thin substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity backing ( ${\rm height} ) is used to design dual-frequency slot antenna. The proposed design exhibits unidirectional radiation characteristics, high gain, high front to back ratio (FTBR) at each resonant frequency while maintaining low profile, planar configuration. The unique slot shape helps to introduce complex current distribution at different frequencies that results in simultaneous excitation of hybrid mode at higher frequency along with conventional ${{\rm TE}_{120}}$ mode in the cavity. Both conventional mode and the hybrid mode helps the modified slot to radiate at the corresponding resonant frequencies resulting in compact, dual-frequency antenna. A fabricated prototype is also presented which resonates at 9.5 GHz and 13.85 GHz with impedance bandwidth more than 1.5% at both resonant frequencies and gain of 4.8 dBi and 3.74 dBi respectively. The front-to-back ratio of the antenna are above 10 dB at both operating frequencies.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a planar self-diplexing slot antenna using substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology is presented, which uses a bowtie-shaped slot backed by SIW cavity, which is excited by two separate feedlines to resonate at two different frequencies in X-band (8-12 GHz).
Abstract: In this letter, a novel design technique to realize planar self-diplexing slot antenna using substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology is presented. The proposed antenna uses a bowtie-shaped slot backed by SIW cavity, which is excited by two separate feedlines to resonate at two different frequencies in X -band (8–12 GHz). By properly optimizing the antenna dimensions, a high isolation of better than 25 dB between two input ports is achieved, which helps to introduce self-diplexing phenomenon in the proposed design. The behavior of the individual cavity modes at two resonant frequencies is explained using half-mode theory. The proposed antenna resonates at 9 and 11.2 GHz with unidirectional radiation pattern and a high gain of 4.3 and 4.2 dBi, respectively.
103 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a dual-band cavity-backed substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) array antenna using high-order radiation modes has been proposed, which has the advantages of high gain, high front-to-back ratio, and low cross-polarization level.
Abstract: A novel compact dual-band cavity-backed substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) array antenna using high-order radiation modes has been proposed in this paper. The first high-order hybrid mode (superposition of TM310 and TM130) and the second high-order mode (TM320) of K-band in the SIW cavity are excited by an inductive window for dual-band application. The operation mechanism of high-order modes is analyzed and then verified through simulations by inserting metallic vias in different positions of the resonant SIW cavity. The designed subarray antenna has the advantages of high gain, high front-to-back ratio, and low cross-polarization level. To further validate the design idea, a dual-frequency band $2 \times 2$ array antenna has been fabricated and measured including reflection coefficients, realized gains, and radiation patterns. The measured results show that the 10-dB impedance bandwidths at resonant frequencies of 21 and 26 GHz are 800 MHz (3.7%) and 700 MHz (2.6%), and the realized gains at boresight direction are around 16 and 17.4 dBi, respectively. Moreover, the proposed array antenna also possesses both advantages of metallic cavity-backed antennas and planar patch antennas, such as low cost, easy fabrication with the printed circuit board technology, and integration with other planar circuits.
95 citations
Cites background from "Substrate Integrated Waveguide Cavi..."
...In [20], an SIW cavity-backed dumbbell-shaped slot antenna with...
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...Furthermore, some researchers started to focus on the utilization of the higher order modes (TE130 and TE330) in SIW cavity-backed slot antennas and arrays [24], [25] to achieve higher gains than those ones in [20]–[22] using TE110 and TE120....
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TL;DR: In this article, a triple-resonance and a quad-reonance substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity-backed slot antennas using shorting vias are presented.
Abstract: A triple-resonance and a quad-resonance substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity-backed slot antennas using shorting vias are presented in this paper. The antennas have wide bandwidths and low profiles. The working mechanism of the triple-resonance antenna is explained with its electric field distributions and equivalent circuit models. By loading the SIW cavity with shorting vias, the lowest mode (half-TE110 mode) is shifted upward and coupled with two higher modes (even and odd TE210 modes). As a result, a wide bandwidth with triple resonances is achieved for the antenna. Based on the similar principle, a quad-resonance antenna having an even wider bandwidth is also developed. Prototypes of the two antennas are fabricated and measured. With a low profile of $0.03\lambda _{0}$ (wavelength in free space), the triple-resonance design has a bandwidth of 15.2% and a peak gain of 4.80 dBi, and the quad-resonance design has a bandwidth of 17.5% and a peak gain of 7.27 dBi.
75 citations
Cites background from "Substrate Integrated Waveguide Cavi..."
..., dumbbell-shaped slot [6], dual rectangular slot [7], and triangular-ring slot [8])....
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TL;DR: In this article, a single square cavity with a rectangular ring slot is used for both dual-mode excitation and radiation, which can be used for closely spaced radiating frequencies.
Abstract: This letter presents a substrate-integrated-waveguide-based compact, dual-mode self-diplexing antenna. A single square cavity with a rectangular ring slot is used for both dual-mode excitation and radiation. A prototype diplexing antenna is fabricated that radiates linear, orthogonal polarization at 9.5 and 10.5 GHz. The measured peak gains at the two frequencies are 5.75 and 5.95 dBi, respectively. Intermodal coupling between the modes provides two transmission zeros, which are utilized to achieve port isolation better than 29 dB. The proposed technique can be used for closely spaced radiating frequencies. As no external filter is used, the structure is compact. Furthermore, because of the slot loading effect, the antenna is smaller than a recently published antenna claimed as the most compact antenna. Its working principle is discussed in detail. Finally, design guidelines are suggested.
63 citations
Cites background from "Substrate Integrated Waveguide Cavi..."
...In [8], dumbbell slots on top of an SIW cavity are used for dual-frequency operation at 9....
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TL;DR: In this article, a dual-band and low-profile circular cavity-backed slot array using TM020 and TM120 modes is proposed based on the substrate integrated waveguide for the fifth-generation (5G) applications.
Abstract: In this communication, dual-band and low-profile circular cavity-backed slot array using TM020 and TM120 modes is proposed based on the substrate integrated waveguide for the fifth-generation (5G) applications. Two key issues are solved: multiresonance and proper frequency ratio. For the former one, the proximity-coupled slot is utilized to excite the high-order modes and depress the polarization degenerate modes. For the latter one, the TM020 and TM120 modes of the circular cavity are used to cover the 28/38 GHz bands. Finally, a cavity-backed slot array with excellent performance is achieved. The mechanism is discussed in this communication, and for demonstration, the prototype is fabricated and measured. The results show that the operating bands of 26.3–32.3 and 37.4–38.4 GHz are achieved, which cover the 28 and 38 GHz bands, respectively. The realized gains are 13.2 dBi at 28 GHz and 14.6 dBi at 38 GHz. The thickness of the array is $0.12\lambda $ , where $\lambda $ is the wavelength at 28 GHz. The proposed array is eligible for the 5G applications in the Ka -band.
60 citations
Cites methods from "Substrate Integrated Waveguide Cavi..."
...In [8], the dual-band operation is achieved by the additional hybrid mode and the TE120 mode exciting the dumbbell-shaped slot....
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References
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an overview of the recent advances in the modelling, design and technological implementation of SIW structures and components, as well as their application in the development of circuits and components operating in the microwave and millimetre wave region.
Abstract: Substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technology represents an emerging and very promising candidate for the development of circuits and components operating in the microwave and millimetre-wave region. SIW structures are generally fabricated by using two rows of conducting cylinders or slots embedded in a dielectric substrate that connects two parallel metal plates, and permit the implementation of classical rectangular waveguide components in planar form, along with printed circuitry, active devices and antennas. This study aims to provide an overview of the recent advances in the modelling, design and technological implementation of SIW structures and components.
1,129 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a low profile cavity backed planar slot antenna has been described, which is completely constructed at a single substrate by using substrate integrated waveguide technique and grounded coplanar waveguide.
Abstract: A novel design method of low profile cavity backed planar slot antenna has been described in this paper. The whole antenna including backed cavity and feeding element is completely constructed at a single substrate by using substrate integrated waveguide technique and grounded coplanar waveguide. An example with 1.7% bandwidth has been presented, which has 5.4 dBi gain, 16.1 dB front-to-back ratio and -19 dB maximum cross polarized radiation level with its total thickness less than lambda0/50. The proposed antenna keeps good radiation performance of conventional cavity backed antenna and has advantages of conventional planar antenna including low profile, light weight, easy fabrication with low cost and convenient integration with planar circuit.
402 citations
"Substrate Integrated Waveguide Cavi..." refers background in this paper
...The diameter ( ) and pitch ( ) of the via holes can be adjusted while maintaining the conditions and to ensure minimum leakage of energy [9]....
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TL;DR: In this article, a single-fed low profile cavity backed crossed slot antennas for dual frequency dual linear polarization and circular polarization applications are proposed by employing the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technique in the antenna designs.
Abstract: Single fed low profile cavity backed crossed slot antennas for dual frequency dual linear polarization and circular polarization applications are first presented in this paper. By employing the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technique in the antenna designs, the low profile backed cavity structure can be realized by using only a single layer of low cost printed circuit board (PCB) substrate. A single grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) is employed as the feeding element to excite the TE 120 and TE 210 modes in the SIW cavity. A crossed slot structure is used as the radiating element in order to radiate the desired dual linearly or circularly polarized wave. From the measurement results, it is seen that these novel antennas retain the advantages of conventional metallic cavity backed antennas, including high gain, high front-to-back ratio (FTBR), and low cross polarization level (CPL). Furthermore, the proposed antennas also possess the advantages of low profile, light weight, low fabrication cost, and easy integration with planar circuits.
263 citations
"Substrate Integrated Waveguide Cavi..." refers background in this paper
...Design of SIW cavity-backed dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna with crossed slot structure [13], dual band SIW antenna [14], [15] is reported....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a low-profile substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity-backed slot antenna is presented, where two hybrid modes, whose dominant fields are located in different half parts of the SIW cavity are two different combinations of the and resonances.
Abstract: A bandwidth enhanced method of a low-profile substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity-backed slot antenna is presented in this paper. Bandwidth enhancement is achieved by simultaneously exciting two hybrid modes in the SIW-backed cavity and merging them within the required frequency range. These two hybrid modes, whose dominant fields are located in different half parts of the SIW cavity, are two different combinations of the and resonances. This design method has been validated by experiments. Compared with those of a previously presented SIW cavity-backed slot antenna, fractional impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is enhanced from 1.4% to 6.3%, its gain and radiation efficiency are also slightly improved to 6.0 dBi and 90%, and its SIW cavity size is reduced about 30%. The proposed antenna exhibits low cross polarization level and high front to back ratio. It still retains advantages of low-profile, low fabrication cost, and easy integration with planar circuits.
254 citations
"Substrate Integrated Waveguide Cavi..." refers background in this paper
...Excitation of hybrid modes to enhance the bandwidth performance of the antenna is also reported [11], [12]....
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TL;DR: In this article, a bow-tie-shaped slot antenna is proposed to induce strong loading effect in the cavity and generate two closely spaced hybrid modes that help to get a broadband response.
Abstract: A novel design technique for broadband substrate integrated waveguide cavity-backed slot antenna is demonstrated in this letter. Instead of using a conventional narrow rectangular slot, a bow-tie-shaped slot is implemented to get broader bandwidth performance. The modification of the slot shape helps to induce strong loading effect in the cavity and generates two closely spaced hybrid modes that help to get a broadband response. The slot antenna incorporates thin cavity backing (height <;0.03λ
0
) in a single substrate and thus retains low-profile planar configuration while showing unidirectional radiation characteristics with moderate gain. A fabricated prototype is also presented that shows a bandwidth of 1.03 GHz (9.4%), a gain of 3.7 dBi over the bandwidth, 15 dB front-to-back ratio, and cross-polarization level below -18 dB.
152 citations
"Substrate Integrated Waveguide Cavi..." refers background in this paper
...Excitation of hybrid modes to enhance the bandwidth performance of the antenna is also reported [11], [12]....
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