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Journal ArticleDOI

Subwavelength transmission gratings for polarization separation in the infrared

01 Apr 2016-Journal of Micro-nanolithography Mems and Moems (International Society for Optics and Photonics)-Vol. 15, Iss: 2, pp 023504-023504
TL;DR: In this paper, the fabrication of subwavelength binary gratings for operation as polarizing beam splitters (PBS) at a wavelength of 1550nm is presented. And the performance of the fabricated PBS grating has been evaluated by optical testing.
Abstract: Subwavelength gratings exhibit attractive polarizing properties and have promising applications in communication, optical information processing, holography, and displays. The fabrication of subwavelength binary gratings for operation as polarizing beam splitters (PBS) at a wavelength of 1550 nm is presented. A simplified modal method was used for the design as well as to predict the efficiencies of the polarization components in each order. Electron beam lithography has been employed for patterning subwavelength grating structures on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resist. The fixed beam moving stage patterning mode is used for patterning gratings with a period of 936 nm and width of 374 nm. The exposure and developing parameters are optimized to realize the grating with the designed feature sizes on PMMA resist. Gratings patterned using the optimized exposure and development parameters match well with the design, except for the height. The performance of the fabricated PBS grating has been evaluated by optical testing. The experimental results match well with the predictions.
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The simulation experiment and the field test results of shallow sea show that the proposed algorithm has superior performance in transmission rate, transmission efficiency, delivery rate and real-time performance.
Abstract: The random obstacles in the shallow sea environment, the irregular underwater pavement and the high quality requirements of multimedia transmission make the multimedia applications of shallow sea face the problems of high bit error rate, low transmission rate and low video quality. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes a multimedia transmission mechanism and its architecture for wireless communication in shallow water based on time-frequency mode autonomous separation. Firstly, based on the complex and changeable seabed structure, the underwater biota movement track and the dynamic topology of end to end communication, a shallow sea wireless multimedia transmission system is constructed. Secondly, based on the performance of multimedia streaming in the time domain and frequency domain, a real-time multimedia transmission control mechanism for the time frequency separation of autonomous controlled multimedia signals from FS and TS is proposed. Finally, the simulation experiment and the field test results of shallow sea show that the proposed algorithm has superior performance in transmission rate, transmission efficiency, delivery rate and real-time performance.

1 citations


Cites background from "Subwavelength transmission gratings..."

  • ...The authors of article [15] presented the fabrication of sub-wavelength binary gratings for operation as polarizing beam splitters at a wavelength of 1550 nm....

    [...]

  • ...According to [15] study, the signal carrier of submarine wireless communication is not easy to use electromagnetic wave and light wave, and the reliability and quality of sound propagation are the best....

    [...]

References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a color filter incorporating a subwavelength patterned grating in a metal film perforated with a square array of circular apertures on a quartz substrate was accomplished.
Abstract: A color filter incorporating a subwavelength patterned grating in a metal film perforated with a square array of circular apertures on a quartz substrate was accomplished. Its performance was enhanced by applying a dielectric overlay to the grating layer so as to match the refractive indices of the media on either side of it. The device was designed by utilizing the finite-difference time-domain method and implemented by adopting the electron-beam direct-writing technique. Two different devices were fabricated with the structural parameters: the grating height of 50 nm and the pitch of 340 nm for the red color and 260 nm for the green color. For the red color filter the center wavelength was 680 nm and the peak transmission 57%, while for the green color one the center wavelength was 550 nm and the peak transmission 50%. It was confirmed the introduction of the index matching overlay led to an increase of ~15% in the transmission efficiency and helped combine double bands into a single dominant band as well, thereby improving the color selectivity of the filter.

237 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A highly efficient polarizing beam splitter of a deep-etched binary-phase fused-silica grating, where TE- and TM-polarized waves are mainly diffracted in the -1st and 0th orders, respectively is described.
Abstract: We described a highly efficient polarizing beam splitter (PBS) of a deep-etched binary-phase fused-silica grating, where TE- and TM-polarized waves are mainly diffracted in the −1st and 0th orders, respectively. To achieve a high extinction ratio and diffraction efficiency, the grating depth and period are optimized by using rigorous coupled-wave analysis, which can be well explained based on the modal method with effective indices of the modes for TE/TM polarization. Holographic recording technology and inductively coupled plasma etching are employed to fabricate the fused-silica PBS grating. Experimental results of diffraction efficiencies approaching 80% for a TE-polarized wave in the −1st order and more than 85% for a TM-polarized wave in the 0th order were obtained at a wavelength of 1550nm. Because of its compact structure and simple fabrication process, which is suitable for mass reproduction, a deep-etched fused-silica grating as a PBS should be a useful device for practical applications.

98 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was confirmed the introduction of the index matching overlay led to an increase of ~15% in the transmission efficiency and helped combine double bands into a single dominant band as well, thereby improving the color selectivity of the filter.
Abstract: A color filter was demonstrated incorporating a patterned metal grating in a quartz substrate. The filter is created in a metal layer perforated with a symmetric two-dimensional array of circular holes, with the pitch smaller than the wavelength of the visible light. A finite-difference time-domain simulation was performed to analyze the device by investigating the effect of structural parameters like the grating height, the period, the hole size, and the refractive index of the hole-filling material on its performance. The device performance was especially optimized by controlling the refractive index of the material comprising the holes of the grating. And two different devices were fabricated by means of the e-beam direct writing with the following design parameters: the grating height of 50 nm, the two pitches of 340 nm for the red color and 260 nm for the green color. For the prepared device with the period of 340 nm, the center wavelength was 680 nm and the peak transmission 57%. And for the other device with the pitch of 260 nm, the center wavelength was 550 nm and the peak transmission was 50%. The filling of the hole with a material whose refractive index is matched to that of the substrate has led to an increase of in the transmission efficiency.

90 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An investigation of this remarkable effect ofDielectric transmission gratings with a similar period as the wavelength of the incident light, based on a modal field representation inside the grating, as well as experimental results are presented.
Abstract: Dielectric transmission gratings with a similar period as the wavelength of the incident light can exhibit strong polarization dependence. By optimizing the groove width of a negative first-order Littrow transmission grating it can be achieved that light is transmitted to the zeroth order for one polarization, regardless of the groove depth, while it is efficiently diffracted for the other polarization. An investigation of this remarkable effect, based on a modal field representation inside the grating, as well as experimental results are presented.

86 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the design, fabrication, and test of a polarizing beam splitter grating for operation at 633 nm under a angle of incidence (AoI) was presented.
Abstract: We present the design, fabrication, and test of a polarizing beam splitter grating for operation at 633 nm under a angle of incidence. This component is compact and its fabrication is reproducible enough to be integrated in optical reconfigurable interconnect systems. For TE polarization, the incident beam is undeflected whereas TM beams exhibit a deviation. We used electromagnetic theory to optimize the performance of the polarizing beam splitter grating. We employed direct electron beam writing and reactive ion etching to fabricate a polarizing beam splitter etched in a layer deposited on a glass substrate. Experimental results show that diffraction efficiencies more than 80% and extinction ratios above 100 are manufacturable with present technology.

83 citations