Journal ArticleDOI
Successful synthesis of blocked polyisocyanates, using easily cleavable phenols as blocking agents, and their deblocking and cure studies
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TLDR
In this article, a series of blocked polyisocyanates were prepared using phenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol; their blocking and deblocking kinetics, deblocking temperatures, equilibrium temperatures, and cure-times were studied using a hot-stage FT-IR spectrophotometer.Abstract:
Phenols with electron withdrawing substituents at the 2,4-positions are important for use as blocking agents for isocyanates. Blocked polyisocyanates derived using such blocking agents are attractive for producing heat-cured polyurethane products at relatively low temperatures, i.e., below 160 °C. In this study, a series of blocked polyisocyanates were prepared using phenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2-chloro-4-esterphenol and 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol; their blocking and deblocking kinetics, deblocking temperatures, equilibrium temperatures, equilibrium rate constants and cure-times were studied using a hot-stage FT-IR spectrophotometer, adapting neat conditions. Double Arrhenius plots for these thermally reversible systems were reported with an aim to understanding the relationship between forward and reverse reactions. It was found that the rates of forward and reverse reactions and equilibrium rates increased with increasing the acidity of phenol, except in the case of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol; correspondingly, the deblocking temperature and cure-time of blocked polyisocyanates decreased. Blocked polyisocyanates obtained using unsubstituted phenol showed equilibrium temperature as a range in the double Arrhenius plot, whereas, in the case of 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol, the Arrhenius plots showed distinct equilibrium temperatures. The equilibrium temperature range or equilibrium temperature of 2-chloro-4-esterphenol-blocked polyisocyanate was not determined, as extrapolation of its plot was found to extend out of the temperature range studied. Importantly, as expected with strong background, all three di-substituted phenols were found to deblock remarkably below 55–70 °C, compared to unsubstituted phenol, which deblocks at 135 °C. More importantly, 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol deblocks at 65 °C and its blocked polyisocyanate cures with polyol within 25 minutes at 110 °C.read more
Citations
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Kinetics of cross-linking processes of fast-curing polyurethane system
TL;DR: In this article, thermal analysis and kinetics investigations were performed to analyze chemical processes during cross-linking of the complex fast-curing polyurethane system, which led to the successful identification of three main reactions i.e. polyaddition, isocyanate deblocking and formation allophanate groups.
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Preparation and properties of self-healing cross-linked polyurethanes based on blocking and deblocking reaction
TL;DR: Li et al. as discussed by the authors reported a self-healing polyurethane (Sh-C-PU) containing reversible urethane bonds (NHCOO ), which was conducted by the reaction of diphenol (tetrabromobisphenol A, TBBPA) and 4, 4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI).
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Radical dendrimers: Synthesis, anti-tumor activity and enhanced cytoprotective performance of TEMPO free radical functionalized polyurethane dendrimers
TL;DR: The efficacy of the dendrimers was demonstrated through decrease in free radicals and their enhanced cytoprotective performance over N-acetyl cysteine standard used was confirmed.
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Concise and Efficient Self-Healing Cross-Linked Polyurethanes via the Blocking/Deblocking Reaction of Oxime Urethanes
TL;DR: Li et al. as discussed by the authors proposed a self-healing polyurethane using diacetyl oxime as the chain extender and triethanolamine as the cross-linking agent.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
On the Versatility of Urethane/Urea Bonds: Reversibility, Blocked Isocyanate, and Non-isocyanate Polyurethane
Etienne Delebecq,Jean-Pierre Pascault,Jean-Pierre Pascault,Bernard Boutevin,François Ganachaud,François Ganachaud,François Ganachaud +6 more
TL;DR: Isocyanate, and Non-isocyanates Polyurethane Etienne Delebecq, Jean-Pierre Pascault,‡,§ Bernard Boutevin,† and Franco̧is Ganachaud*,† are cited.
Journal ArticleDOI
Blocked isocyanates III : Part A. Mechanisms and chemistry
Douglas A. Wicks,Zeno W. Wicks +1 more
TL;DR: A review of the literature on blocked isocyanates can be found in this paper, which brings together the most important developments documented in over 3000 patents and publications that have been printed through the end of 1998.
Journal ArticleDOI
Blocked isocyanates III
Douglas A. Wicks,Zeno W. Wicks +1 more
TL;DR: The third installment of the series of reviews of the literature on blocked isocyanates as discussed by the authors brings together the most important developments documented in over 1700 patents and publications that have been printed between 1980 and mid-2000.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multistep chemistry in thin films; the challenges of blocked isocyanates
Douglas A. Wicks,Zeno W. Wicks +1 more
TL;DR: An overview of the history and progress of blocked isocyanates in coatings can be found in this article, where the authors provide an overview of block-isocyanate deblocking.
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