Journal ArticleDOI
Successful transfer of DHP‐degrading bacteria from Hawaiian goats to Australian ruminants to overcome the toxicity of Leucaena
R. J. Jones,R G Megarrity +1 more
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In the absence of any disease in the animals, clearance has been given for the wider use of these cultures in areas where Leucaena is grown, and limited evidence suggests that the leucaena toxicity problem can be solved by the use ofThese introduced bacteria.Abstract:
Cattle and goats in Australia lack the ability to totally degrade 3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridone, also known as 3,4-dihydroxy pyridine (3,4 DHP), the ruminal metabolite of mimosine, a toxic aminoacid present in the leguminous shrub Leucaena leucocephala. Ruminants in Hawaii have this capacity due to the presence of micro-organisms able to rapidly degrade the DHP. A mixed bacterial population capable of rapidly degrading DHP in vitro was isolated from a goat on the island of Maui. Cultures were grown anaerobically, without added sugars, in Medium 98-5 containing DHP. Cultures at a dilution of 10(-12) from the original rumen fluid were introduced into Townsville and further sub-cultured and multiplied in vitro in strict isolation at the Oonoonba Veterinary Laboratory, Townsville. Infusion of the culture into a goat and a steer fed a 100% leucaena diet resulted in cessation of DHP excretion in the urine. After 60 days the serum thyroxine levels and thyroid size were normal and there were no clinical signs of disease. The ability of the rumen fluid to degrade DHP in vitro showed that the bacteria had become established in the rumen. In the absence of any disease in the animals, clearance has been given for the wider use of these cultures in areas where leucaena is grown. The limited evidence suggests that the leucaena toxicity problem can be solved by the use of these introduced bacteria.read more
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Special topics--Mitigation of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from animal operations: III. A review of animal management mitigation options.
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
An Improved Nonselective Culture Medium for Ruminal Bacteria and Its Use in Determining Diurnal Variation in Numbers of Bacteria in the Rumen
Marvin P. Bryant,I.M. Robinson +1 more
TL;DR: An improved rumen fluid agar medium was developed that permitted the growth of about double the numbers of bacteria from ruminal contents grown in the medium previously used, and allowed much larger numbers of colonies to be counted and isolated with greater ease from a given volume of medium and after longer incubation periods.
Journal ArticleDOI
Preparation of coenzyme M analogues and their activity in the methyl coenzyme M reductase system of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum.
TL;DR: A number of 2-(methylthio)ethanesulfonate (methyl-coenzyme M) analogues were synthesized and investigated as substrates for methyl-coENzyme M reductase, an enzyme system found in extracts of Methanobacterterium thermoautotrophicum.
Journal ArticleDOI
Anaerobic degradation of benzoate to methane by a microbial consortium.
James G. Ferry,Ralph S. Wolfe +1 more
TL;DR: Two methanogenic organisms were isolated from the mixed culture, neither organism was able to degrade benzoate, showing that the meetinghanogenic bacteria served as terminal organisms of a metabolic food chain composed of several organisms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Catechol and phenol degradation by a methanogenic population of bacteria.
J.B. Healy,Lily Y. Young +1 more
TL;DR: Evidence from carbon balance measurements indicates that the aromatic ring is cleaved and that the products are stoichiometrically fermentable to methane and carbon dioxide.
Journal ArticleDOI
Australian goats detoxify the goitrogen 3-hydroxy-4(1H) pyridone (DHP) after rumen infusion from an indonesian goat
R. J. Jones,J. B. Lowry +1 more
TL;DR: The failure of Australian goats fed leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) to degrade 3-hydroxy-4(1H) pyridone (DHP), the goitrogenic metabolite of mimosine, was overcome when they were infused with rumen fluid from an Indonesían goat.
Related Papers (5)
Australian goats detoxify the goitrogen 3-hydroxy-4(1H) pyridone (DHP) after rumen infusion from an indonesian goat
R. J. Jones,J. B. Lowry +1 more