Sulforaphane enhances the cisplatin sensitivity through regulating DNA repair and accumulation of intracellular cisplatin in ovarian cancer cells
TL;DR: It is indicated that SFN could enhance cisplatin sensitivity of ovarian carcinoma cells through up-regulating miR-30a-3p to induce DNA damage and accumulation of intracellular cisPlatin.
About: This article is published in Experimental Cell Research.The article was published on 2020-08-15. It has received 17 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Cisplatin & Comet assay.
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University of Tabriz1, University of Tehran2, Islamic Azad University3, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services4, Comenius University in Bratislava5, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences6, University of Maryland, College Park7, Kerman Medical University8, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences9, National University of Singapore10, Sabancı University11
TL;DR: This review focuses on microRNAs (miRNAs) and their regulatory effect on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) mechanisms that can regulate metastasis ofadder cancer cells.
Abstract: Bladder cancer (BC) is the 11th most common diagnosed cancer, and a number of factors including environmental and genetic ones participate in BC development. Metastasis of BC cells into neighboring and distant tissues significantly reduces overall survival of patients with this life-threatening disorder. Recently, studies have focused on revealing molecular pathways involved in metastasis of BC cells, and in this review, we focus on microRNAs (miRNAs) and their regulatory effect on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) mechanisms that can regulate metastasis. EMT is a vital process for migration of BC cells, and inhibition of this mechanism restricts invasion of BC cells. MiRNAs are endogenous non-coding RNAs with 19-24 nucleotides capable of regulating different cellular events, and EMT is one of them. In BC cells, miRNAs are able to both induce and/or inhibit EMT. For regulation of EMT, miRNAs affect different molecular pathways such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), Snail, Slug, ZEB1/2, CD44, NSBP1, which are, discussed in detail this review. Besides, miRNA/EMT axis can also be regulated by upstream mediators such as lncRNAs, circRNAs and targeted by diverse anti-tumor agents. These topics are also discussed here to reveal diverse molecular pathways involved in migration of BC cells and strategies to target them to develop effective therapeutics.
92 citations
TL;DR: This review focuses on microRNAs and their regulation in CP chemotherapy of lung cancer, as the most malignant tumor worldwide, and describes the upstream modulators of miRs and their association with CP resistance/sensitivity in lung cancer cells.
73 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between miRs and autophagy in cancer chemotherapy is discussed, and upstream mediators of miR/autophagy axis are discussed including long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs and Nrf2 c-Myc, and HIF-1α.
42 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors examined the associations of pre-diagnosis consumption of cruciferous vegetables and ITC intake with ovarian cancer mortality in a hospital-based cohort (n = 853) of Chinese patients with epithelial OC between 2015 and 2020.
Abstract: Background: The associations of the consumption of cruciferous vegetables (CVs) and their bioactive components, isothiocyanates (ITCs), with ovarian cancer (OC) mortality have been unclear, owing to limited studies and inconsistent findings. To date, no studies have evaluated these associations among Chinese patients with OC. This study aims to provide more evidence indicating the relationships of pre-diagnosis CVs and ITC intake with OC survival. Methods: We examined the associations of pre-diagnosis CV and ITC intake with OC mortality in a hospital-based cohort (n = 853) of Chinese patients with epithelial OC between 2015 and 2020. Pre-diagnosis dietary information was evaluated with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Deaths were ascertained until March 31, 2021 via medical records. The associations were examined with the Cox proportional hazards model, adjusted for potential confounders, and stratified by menopausal status, residual lesions, histological type, and body mass index (BMI). Results: During a median follow-up of 31.2 months (interquartile: 20.0–46.9 months), we observed 130 deaths. The highest tertile of total CV intake was associated with better survival than the lowest tertile intake (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.33–0.98, p trend < 0.05). In addition, greater intake of ITCs from CVs was associated with better survival (HR T3 VS. T1 = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.36–0.99, p trend = 0.06). Significant inverse associations were also observed for subgroup analyses stratified by menopausal status, residual lesions, histological type, and BMI, although not all associations showed statistical significance. Conclusion: Increasing pre-diagnosis consumption of CVs and ITCs was strongly associated with better survival in patients with OC.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the importance of vitagenes in redox stress response and autophagy mechanisms, as well as the potential use of dietary antioxidants in the prevention and treatment of multiple types of cancer are discussed.
15 citations
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TL;DR: Progress in reducing ovarian cancer incidence and mortality can be accelerated by reducing racial disparities and furthering knowledge of etiology and tumorigenesis to facilitate strategies for prevention and early detection.
Abstract: In 2018, there will be approximately 22,240 new cases of ovarian cancer diagnosed and 14,070 ovarian cancer deaths in the United States. Herein, the American Cancer Society provides an overview of ovarian cancer occurrence based on incidence data from nationwide population-based cancer registries and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics. The status of early detection strategies is also reviewed. In the United States, the overall ovarian cancer incidence rate declined from 1985 (16.6 per 100,000) to 2014 (11.8 per 100,000) by 29% and the mortality rate declined between 1976 (10.0 per 100,000) and 2015 (6.7 per 100,000) by 33%. Ovarian cancer encompasses a heterogenous group of malignancies that vary in etiology, molecular biology, and numerous other characteristics. Ninety percent of ovarian cancers are epithelial, the most common being serous carcinoma, for which incidence is highest in non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) (5.2 per 100,000) and lowest in non-Hispanic blacks (NHBs) and Asians/Pacific Islanders (APIs) (3.4 per 100,000). Notably, however, APIs have the highest incidence of endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas, which occur at younger ages and help explain comparable epithelial cancer incidence for APIs and NHWs younger than 55 years. Most serous carcinomas are diagnosed at stage III (51%) or IV (29%), for which the 5-year cause-specific survival for patients diagnosed during 2007 through 2013 was 42% and 26%, respectively. For all stages of epithelial cancer combined, 5-year survival is highest in APIs (57%) and lowest in NHBs (35%), who have the lowest survival for almost every stage of diagnosis across cancer subtypes. Moreover, survival has plateaued in NHBs for decades despite increasing in NHWs, from 40% for cases diagnosed during 1992 through 1994 to 47% during 2007 through 2013. Progress in reducing ovarian cancer incidence and mortality can be accelerated by reducing racial disparities and furthering knowledge of etiology and tumorigenesis to facilitate strategies for prevention and early detection. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68:284-296. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
1,983 citations
TL;DR: The mechanisms that modulate miRNA activity, stability and cellular localization through alternative processing and maturation, sequence editing, post-translational modifications of Argonaute proteins, subcellular localization and regulation of miRNA–target interactions are reviewed.
Abstract: Since their serendipitous discovery in nematodes, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of biological processes in animals. These small RNAs form complex networks that regulate cell differentiation, development and homeostasis. Deregulation of miRNA function is associated with an increasing number of human diseases, particularly cancer. Recent discoveries have expanded our understanding of the control of miRNA function. Here, we review the mechanisms that modulate miRNA activity, stability and cellular localization through alternative processing and maturation, sequence editing, post-translational modifications of Argonaute proteins, viral factors, transport from the cytoplasm and regulation of miRNA–target interactions. We conclude by discussing intriguing, unresolved research questions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of biological processes. Recent discoveries have expanded our understanding of the control of miRNA function in animals, through alternative processing, miRNA-sequence editing, post-translational modifications of Argonaute proteins, subcellular localization and regulation of miRNA–target interactions.
1,317 citations
TL;DR: This paper reviews the existing data on the mechanism of DDP accumulation and develops the postulate that some component of transport occurs through a gated ion channel.
Abstract: Acquired resistance to cisplatin (DDP) is a major clinical problem in the treatment of ovarian, testicular, and head and neck carcinomas; decreased accumulation of DDP is the most consistently observed alteration in resistant cells. It has been postulated that DDP enters the cell by passive diffusion based on the observations that DDP accumulation is proportional to the drug concentration, accumulation is not saturable, and that structural analogs of DDP do not inhibit accumulation. However, recent studies show that DDP accumulation can be specifically stimulated or inhibited by pharmacological agents and the activation of signal transduction pathways. This paper reviews the existing data on the mechanism of DDP accumulation and develops the postulate that some component of transport occurs through a gated ion channel.
559 citations
TL;DR: The use of precision medicine to make informed decisions on a patient's cisplatin resistance status and predicting the tumor response would allow the clinician to tailor the chemotherapy program based on the biology of the disease.
393 citations
TL;DR: ERCC1 expression levels in human tumor tissue may have a role in clinical resistance to platinum compounds, and these data appear to be consistent with the assertion that ERCC1 serves as an excision nuclease, whereas ERCC2 serves as a helicase.
Abstract: BACKGROUND ERCC1 and ERCC2 are human DNA repair genes that are associated with in vitro resistance to selected DNA-damaging agents. PURPOSE Fresh tumor tissues from 26 patients with ovarian cancer were analyzed for the RNA levels of expression of these genes to determine possible clinical relevance. METHODS Tumor tissues were harvested from patients immediately before they entered a cisplatin- or carboplatin-based treatment protocol. Clinical response was assessed by standard criteria. Gene expression level was assessed by slot blot analysis, using beta-actin as a control. Relative expression levels were determined by comparing each tumor sample with a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that had a stable transfection of the human ERCC1 gene. RESULTS Patients who were clinically resistant to platinum-based therapy had a 2.6-fold higher expression level of ERCC1 in their tumor tissue than did patients who responded to that therapy (P = .015). Results obtained by slot blot analysis were qualitatively confirmed by polymerase chain reaction analysis. Relative levels of expression of ERCC2 did not differ significantly between responders and nonresponders. CONCLUSION We conclude that ERCC1 expression levels in human tumor tissue may have a role in clinical resistance to platinum compounds. These data appear to be consistent with the assertion that ERCC1 serves as an excision nuclease, whereas ERCC2 serves as a helicase.
315 citations