Sulfur-doped cobalt phosphide nanotube arrays for highly stable hybrid supercapacitor
TL;DR: In this paper, an efficient sulfidization strategy is successfully established to improve the overall electrochemical performance of metal phosphides, and a hybrid supercapacitor was fabricated using sulfur-doped CoP as the positive electrode, which can deliver a maximum energy density of 39 W/h/kg at a power density of 0.8 W/kW/kg.
About: This article is published in Nano Energy.The article was published on 2017-09-01. It has received 253 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Nanotube & Supercapacitor.
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TL;DR: In this article, the current progress on carbon based pseudo-material composites for supercapacitor application in a well-systematic and easy manner which can guide the early researchers and emerging scientists dealing with or interested in supercapACitor.
640 citations
TL;DR: Density functional theory calculations and experimental results reveal that the electron transfer from CoP to Co-MOF through N-P/N-Co bonds could lead to the optimized adsorption energy of H2 O and hydrogen, which contributes to the remarkable HER performance.
Abstract: Although electrocatalysts based on transition metal phosphides (TMPs) with cationic/anionic doping have been widely studied for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the origin of performance enhancement still remains elusive mainly due to the random dispersion of dopants. Herein, we report a controllable partial phosphorization strategy to generate CoP species within the Co-based metal-organic framework (Co-MOF). Density functional theory calculations and experimental results reveal that the electron transfer from CoP to Co-MOF through N-P/N-Co bonds could lead to the optimized adsorption energy of H2 O (ΔG H 2 O * ) and hydrogen (ΔGH* ), which, together with the unique porous structure of Co-MOF, contributes to the remarkable HER performance with an overpotential of 49 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 in 1 m phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.0). The excellent catalytic performance exceeds almost all the documented TMP-based and non-noble-metal-based electrocatalysts. In addition, the CoP/Co-MOF hybrid also displays Pt-like performance in 0.5 m H2 SO4 and 1 m KOH, with the overpotentials of 27 and 34 mV, respectively, at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 .
463 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the analysis of recent research breakthroughs in the development of high electrochemical performance supercapacitors using transition metal oxides/hydroxides, sulfides, selenides and phosphides.
453 citations
TL;DR: Supercapacitors represent the alternative to common electrochemical batteries, mainly to widely spread lithium-ion batteries as discussed by the authors, and their properties are between batteries and capacitors, where they are able to quickly accommodate large amounts of energy (smaller than in the case of batteries).
Abstract: Energy accumulation and storage is one of the most important topics in our times. This paper presents the topic of supercapacitors (SC) as energy storage devices. Supercapacitors represent the alternative to common electrochemical batteries, mainly to widely spread lithium-ion batteries. By physical mechanism and operation principle, supercapacitors are closer to batteries than to capacitors. Their properties are somewhere between batteries and capacitors. They are able to quickly accommodate large amounts of energy (smaller than in the case of batteries – lower energy density from weight and volume point of view) and their charging response is slower than in the case of ceramic capacitors. The most common type of supercapacitors is electrical double layer capacitor (EDLC). Other types of supercapacitors are lithium-ion hybrid supercapacitors and pseudo-supercapacitors. The EDLC type is using a dielectric layer on the electrode − electrolyte interphase to storage of the energy. It uses an electrostatic mechanism of energy storage. The other two types of supercapacitors operate with electrochemical redox reactions and the energy is stored in chemical bonds of chemical materials. This paper provides a brief introduction to the supercapacitor field of knowledge.
427 citations
TL;DR: This review presents the recent progress on metal phosphides and phosphates, by focusing on their advantages/disadvantages and potential applications as a new class of electrode materials in supercapacitor applications.
Abstract: Phosphorus compounds, such as metal phosphides and phosphates have shown excellent performances and great potential in electrochemical energy storage, which are demonstrated by research works published in recent years. Some of these metal phosphides and phosphates and their hybrids compare favorably with transition metal oxides/hydroxides, which have been studied extensively as a class of electrode materials for supercapacitor applications, where they have limitations in terms of electrical and ion conductivity and device stability. To be specific, metal phosphides have both metalloid characteristics and good electric conductivity. For metal phosphates, the open-framework structures with large channels and cavities endow them with good ion conductivity and charge storage capacity. In this review, we present the recent progress on metal phosphides and phosphates, by focusing on their advantages/disadvantages and potential applications as a new class of electrode materials in supercapacitors. The synthesis methods to prepare these metal phosphides/phosphates are looked into, together with the scientific insights involved, as they strongly affect the electrochemical energy storage performance. Particular attentions are paid to those hybrid-type materials, where strong synergistic effects exist. In the summary, the future perspectives and challenges for the metal phosphides, phosphates and hybrid-types are proposed and discussed.
303 citations
References
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TL;DR: Electrochemical capacitors enable rapid storage and efficient delivery of electrical energy in heavy-duty applications and are being enabled by electrochemical capacitor technology.
Abstract: Rapid storage and efficient delivery of electrical energy in heavy-duty applications are being enabled by electrochemical capacitors.
4,177 citations
TL;DR: The topotactic fabrication of self-supported nanoporous cobalt phosphide nanowire arrays on carbon cloth via low-temperature phosphidation of the corresponding Co(OH)F/CC precursor offers excellent catalytic performance and durability under neutral and basic conditions.
Abstract: In this Communication, we report the topotactic fabrication of self-supported nanoporous cobalt phosphide nanowire arrays on carbon cloth (CoP/CC) via low-temperature phosphidation of the corresponding Co(OH)F/CC precursor. The CoP/CC, as a robust integrated 3D hydrogen-evolving cathode, shows a low onset overpotential of 38 mV and a small Tafel slope of 51 mV dec–1, and it maintains its catalytic activity for at least 80 000 s in acidic media. It needs overpotentials (η) of 67, 100, and 204 mV to attain current densities of 10, 20, and 100 mA cm–2, respectively. Additionally, this electrode offers excellent catalytic performance and durability under neutral and basic conditions.
2,063 citations
TL;DR: This work shows that Ni3(2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene)2 (Ni3(HITP)2), a MOF with high electrical conductivity, can serve as the sole electrode material in an EDLC, the first example of a supercapacitor made entirely from neat MOFs as active materials, without conductive additives or other binders.
Abstract: Using MOFs as active electrodes in electrochemical double layer capacitors has so far proved difficult. An electrically conductive MOF used as an electrode is now shown to exhibit electrochemical performance similar to most carbon-based materials. Owing to their high power density and superior cyclability relative to batteries, electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) have emerged as an important electrical energy storage technology that will play a critical role in the large-scale deployment of intermittent renewable energy sources, smart power grids, and electrical vehicles1,2,3. Because the capacitance and charge–discharge rates of EDLCs scale with surface area and electrical conductivity, respectively, porous carbons such as activated carbon, carbon nanotubes and crosslinked or holey graphenes are used exclusively as the active electrode materials in EDLCs4,5,6,7,8,9. One class of materials whose surface area far exceeds that of activated carbons, potentially allowing them to challenge the dominance of carbon electrodes in EDLCs, is metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)10. The high porosity of MOFs, however, is conventionally coupled to very poor electrical conductivity, which has thus far prevented the use of these materials as active electrodes in EDLCs. Here, we show that Ni3(2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene)2 (Ni3(HITP)2), a MOF with high electrical conductivity11, can serve as the sole electrode material in an EDLC. This is the first example of a supercapacitor made entirely from neat MOFs as active materials, without conductive additives or other binders. The MOF-based device shows an areal capacitance that exceeds those of most carbon-based materials and capacity retention greater than 90% over 10,000 cycles, in line with commercial devices. Given the established structural and compositional tunability of MOFs, these results herald the advent of a new generation of supercapacitors whose active electrode materials can be tuned rationally, at the molecular level.
1,597 citations
TL;DR: Recently, research efforts have been able to tune and optimize pore spaces, immobilize specific functional groups, and introduce chiral pore environments to target MOF materials for methane storage, light hydrocarbon separations, enantioselective recognitions, carbon dioxide capture, and separations.
Abstract: ConspectusDiscoveries of novel functional materials have played very important roles to the development of science and technologies and thus to benefit our daily life. Among the diverse materials, metal–organic framework (MOF) materials are rapidly emerging as a unique type of porous and organic/inorganic hybrid materials which can be simply self-assembled from their corresponding inorganic metal ions/clusters with organic linkers, and can be straightforwardly characterized by various analytical methods. In terms of porosity, they are superior to other well-known porous materials such as zeolites and carbon materials; exhibiting extremely high porosity with surface area up to 7000 m2/g, tunable pore sizes, and metrics through the interplay of both organic and inorganic components with the pore sizes ranging from 3 to 100 A, and lowest framework density down to 0.13 g/cm3. Such unique features have enabled metal–organic frameworks to exhibit great potentials for a broad range of applications in gas storage...
1,300 citations
TL;DR: A combined theoretical and experimental study is presented to establish ternary pyrite-type cobalt phosphosulphide (CoPS) as a high-performance Earth-abundant catalyst for electrochemical and photoelectrochemical hydrogen production.
Abstract: The scalable and sustainable production of hydrogen fuel through water splitting demands efficient and robust Earth-abundant catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Building on promising metal compounds with high HER catalytic activity, such as pyrite structure cobalt disulphide (CoS2), and substituting non-metal elements to tune the hydrogen adsorption free energy could lead to further improvements in catalytic activity. Here we present a combined theoretical and experimental study to establish ternary pyrite-type cobalt phosphosulphide (CoPS) as a high-performance Earth-abundant catalyst for electrochemical and photoelectrochemical hydrogen production. Nanostructured CoPS electrodes achieved a geometrical catalytic current density of 10 mA cm(-2) at overpotentials as low as 48 mV, with outstanding long-term operational stability. Integrated photocathodes of CoPS on n(+)-p-p(+) silicon micropyramids achieved photocurrents up to 35 mA cm(-2) at 0 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), onset photovoltages as high as 450 mV versus RHE, and the most efficient solar-driven hydrogen generation from Earth-abundant systems.
1,094 citations