Journal ArticleDOI
Summarizing multiple aspects of model performance in a single diagram
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TLDR
In this article, a diagram has been devised that can provide a concise statistical summary of how well patterns match each other in terms of their correlation, their root-mean-square difference, and the ratio of their variances.Abstract:
A diagram has been devised that can provide a concise statistical summary of how well patterns match each other in terms of their correlation, their root-mean-square difference, and the ratio of their variances. Although the form of this diagram is general, it is especially useful in evaluating complex models, such as those used to study geophysical phenomena. Examples are given showing that the diagram can be used to summarize the relative merits of a collection of different models or to track changes in performance of a model as it is modified. Methods are suggested for indicating on these diagrams the statistical significance of apparent differences and the degree to which observational uncertainty and unforced internal variability limit the expected agreement between model-simulated and observed behaviors. The geometric relationship between the statistics plotted on the diagram also provides some guidance for devising skill scores that appropriately weight among the various measures of pattern correspondence.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Improvements to a MODIS global terrestrial evapotranspiration algorithm
TL;DR: In this article, an improved version of the global evapotranspiration (ET) algorithm based on MODIS and global meteorology data has been proposed, which simplifies the calculation of vegetation cover fraction, calculating ET as the sum of daytime and nighttime components, adding soil heat flux calculation, improving estimates of stomatal conductance, aerodynamic resistance and boundary layer resistance, separating dry canopy surface from the wet and dividing soil surface into saturated wet surface and moist surface.
Journal ArticleDOI
Precipitation downscaling under climate change: Recent developments to bridge the gap between dynamical models and the end user
Douglas Maraun,Douglas Maraun,Fredrik Wetterhall,Andrew Ireson,Richard E. Chandler,Elizabeth J. Kendon,Martin Widmann,S. Brienen,S. Brienen,Henning W. Rust,Tobias Sauter,M. Themeßl,Victor Venema,Kwok Pan Chun,Clare Goodess,Richard G. Jones,Christian Onof,Mathieu Vrac,I. Thiele-Eich +18 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors integrate perspectives from meteorologists, climatologists, statisticians, and hydrologists to identify generic end user (in particular, impact modeler) needs and to discuss downscaling capabilities and gaps.
Book ChapterDOI
Clouds and Aerosols
Olivier Boucher,David A. Randall,Paulo Artaxo,Christopher S. Bretherton,Graham Feingold,Piers M. Forster,Veli-Matti Kerminen,Yutaka Kondo,Hong Liao,Ulrike Lohmann,Philip J. Rasch,Sathianeson Satheesh,Steven C. Sherwood,Bjorn Stevens,Xiaoye Zhang +14 more
Journal ArticleDOI
A Long-Term Hydrologically Based Dataset of Land Surface Fluxes and States for the Conterminous United States*
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate the land surface schemes in coupled models, including comparisons of model-predicted evapotranspiration with values derived from atmospheric water balances, comparison of model predicted energy and radiative fluxes with tower measurements during periods of intensive observations, and contrast of model predictions of soil moisture with spatial averages of point observations.
Journal ArticleDOI
openair - An R package for air quality data analysis
David C. Carslaw,Karl Ropkins +1 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated how air pollution data can be analysed quickly and efficiently and in an interactive way, freeing time to consider the problem at hand.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Global Precipitation: A 17-Year Monthly Analysis Based on Gauge Observations, Satellite Estimates, and Numerical Model Outputs
Pingping Xie,Phillip A. Arkin +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors constructed a 2.5° latitude-longitude grid for the 17-yr period from 1979 to 1995 by merging several kinds of information sources with different characteristics, including gauge observations, estimates inferred from a variety of satellite observations, and the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis.
Journal ArticleDOI
ISCCP Cloud Data Products
TL;DR: The International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) began in July 1983 and has been used to produce a global cloud climatology since then as mentioned in this paper, including visible and infrared images from an international network of weather satellites.
Journal ArticleDOI
Surface air temperature and its changes over the past 150 years
TL;DR: The surface air temperature record of the past 150 years, considering the homogeneity of the basic data and the standard errors of estimation of the average hemispheric and global estimates, is reviewed in this article.
Journal ArticleDOI
An Overview of the Results of the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP I)
W. Lawrence Gates,James S. Boyle,Curt Covey,Clyde G. Dease,Charles Doutriaux,R. Drach,M. Fiorino,Peter J. Gleckler,J. J. Hnilo,Susan M. Marlais,Thomas J. Phillips,Gerald L. Potter,Benjamin D. Santer,Kenneth R. Sperber,Karl E. Taylor,Dean N. Williams +15 more
TL;DR: The Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP), initiated in 1989 under the auspices of the World Climate Research Programme, undertook the systematic validation and diagnosis of the performance of atmospheric general circulation models.
Journal ArticleDOI
Skill Scores Based on the Mean Square Error and Their Relationships to the Correlation Coefficient
TL;DR: In this article, several skill scores are defined, based on the mean-square-error measure of accuracy and alternative climatological standards of reference, each of which is shown to possess terms involving 1) the coefficient of correlation between the forecasts and observations, 2) a measure of the nonsystematic (i.e., conditional) bias in the forecast, and 3) the systematic bias in forecasts.
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