Supersymmetric Dark Matter
TL;DR: In this article, the neutralino is proposed as the lightest superpartner in many supersymmetric theories, and it is shown how to calculate the cosmological abundance of neutralino and event rates for both direct and indirect detection schemes.
About: This article is published in Physics Reports.The article was published on 2000-08-01 and is currently open access. It has received 1670 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Lightest Supersymmetric Particle & Weakly interacting massive particles.
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TL;DR: It is found that the positron fraction increases sharply over much of that range, in a way that appears to be completely inconsistent with secondary sources, and is concluded that a primary source, be it an astrophysical object or dark matter annihilation, is necessary.
Abstract: Antiparticles account for a small fraction of cosmic rays and are known to be produced in interactions between cosmic-ray nuclei and atoms in the interstellar medium(1), which is referred to as a ' ...
2,287 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a systematic derivation and discussion of the practical formulae needed to design and interpret direct searches for nuclear recoil events caused by hypothetical weakly interacting dark matter particles.
1,290 citations
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Heidelberg University1, Korea Institute for Advanced Study2, University of Nottingham3, Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth4, University of Oxford5, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare6, University of Bologna7, INAF8, University of Padua9, University of Toulouse10, University of Geneva11, University of Trieste12, Roma Tre University13, University of Milan14, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte15, University of Oslo16, University College London17, Imperial College London18, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich19, Autonomous University of Madrid20, ETH Zurich21, University of Edinburgh22, Leiden University23, Sun Yat-sen University24, Max Planck Society25, Royal Institute of Technology26, University of Milano-Bicocca27, University of California, Berkeley28, University of Pennsylvania29, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo30, University of Porto31, University of Portsmouth32, King's College London33, Durham University34, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris35, Helsinki Institute of Physics36, University of Lisbon37, Paris Diderot University38, Université Paris-Saclay39, University of Surrey40, University of Trento41, University of Chile42, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic43, University of Cyprus44, University of Barcelona45, California Institute of Technology46, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics47
TL;DR: Euclid is a European Space Agency medium-class mission selected for launch in 2020 within the cosmic vision 2015-2025 program as discussed by the authors, which will explore the expansion history of the universe and the evolution of cosmic structures by measuring shapes and red-shift of galaxies as well as the distribution of clusters of galaxies over a large fraction of the sky.
Abstract: Euclid is a European Space Agency medium-class mission selected for launch in 2020 within the cosmic vision 2015–2025 program. The main goal of Euclid is to understand the origin of the accelerated expansion of the universe. Euclid will explore the expansion history of the universe and the evolution of cosmic structures by measuring shapes and red-shifts of galaxies as well as the distribution of clusters of galaxies over a large fraction of the sky. Although the main driver for Euclid is the nature of dark energy, Euclid science covers a vast range of topics, from cosmology to galaxy evolution to planetary research. In this review we focus on cosmology and fundamental physics, with a strong emphasis on science beyond the current standard models. We discuss five broad topics: dark energy and modified gravity, dark matter, initial conditions, basic assumptions and questions of methodology in the data analysis. This review has been planned and carried out within Euclid’s Theory Working Group and is meant to provide a guide to the scientific themes that will underlie the activity of the group during the preparation of the Euclid mission.
1,211 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide ingredients and recipes for computing signals of TeV-scale Dark Matter annihilations and decays in the Galaxy and beyond, and provide the propagation functions for charged particles in the galaxy, for several DM distribution profiles and sets of propagation parameters.
Abstract: We provide ingredients and recipes for computing signals of TeV-scale Dark Matter annihilations and decays in the Galaxy and beyond. For each DM channel, we present the energy spectra of electrons and positrons, antiprotons, antideuterons, gamma rays, neutrinos and antineutrinos e, mu, tau at production, computed by high-statistics simulations. We estimate the Monte Carlo uncertainty by comparing the results yielded by the Pythia and Herwig event generators. We then provide the propagation functions for charged particles in the Galaxy, for several DM distribution profiles and sets of propagation parameters. Propagation of electrons and positrons is performed with an improved semi-analytic method that takes into account position-dependent energy losses in the Milky Way. Using such propagation functions, we compute the energy spectra of electrons and positrons, antiprotons and antideuterons at the location of the Earth. We then present the gamma ray fluxes, both from prompt emission and from Inverse Compton scattering in the galactic halo. Finally, we provide the spectra of extragalactic gamma rays. All results are available in numerical form and ready to be consumed.
964 citations
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Southern Methodist University1, California Institute of Technology2, Case Western Reserve University3, University of Zurich4, University of Florida5, Fermilab6, Stanford University7, University of California, Santa Barbara8, University of Minnesota9, University of California, Berkeley10, Massachusetts Institute of Technology11, University of Colorado Denver12, Syracuse University13, Texas A&M University14, Queen's University15, St. Olaf College16, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory17, Santa Clara University18
TL;DR: The results from the completed Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) experiment, which searched for dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMP), cannot be interpreted with confidence as evidence for WIMP interactions, but neither event can be ruled out as representing signal.
Abstract: We report results from a blind analysis of the final data taken with the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search experiment (CDMS II) at the Soudan Underground Laboratory, Minnesota, USA. A total raw exposure of 612 kg-days was analyzed for this work. We observed two events in the signal region; based on our background estimate, the probability of observing two or more background events is 23%. These data set an upper limit on the Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP)-nucleon elastic-scattering spin-independent cross-section of 7.0 x 10{sup -44} cm{sup 2} for a WIMP of mass 70 GeV/c{sup 2} at the 90% confidence level. Combining this result with all previous CDMS II data gives an upper limit on the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross-section of 3.8 x 10{sup -44} cm{sup 2} for a WIMP of mass 70 GeV/c{sup 2}. We also exclude new parameter space in recently proposed inelastic dark matter models.
903 citations
References
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01 Jan 1990
TL;DR: In this article, the Robertson-Walker Metric is used to measure the radius of the Planck Epoch in the expanding universe, which is a measure of the number of atoms in the universe.
Abstract: * Editors Foreword * The Universe Observed * Robertson-Walker Metric * Standard Cosmology * Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis * Thermodynamics in the Expanding Universe * Baryogenesis * Phase Transitions * Inflation * Structure Formation * Axions * Toward the Planck Epoch * Finale
6,319 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that no CP-violating interactions exist in the quartet scheme without introducing any other new fields, and that the strong interaction must be chiral SU ( 4) X SU( 4) invariant as precisely as the conservation of the third component of the iso-spin.
Abstract: In a framework of the renormalizable theory of weak interaction, problems of CP-violation are studied. It is concluded that no realistic models of CP-violation exist in the quartet scheme without introducing any other new fields. Some possible models of CP-violation are also discussed. When we apply the renormalizable theory of weak interaction1l to the hadron system, we have some limitations on the hadron model. It is well known that there exists, in the case of the triplet model, a difficulty of the strangeness chang ing neutral current and that the quartet model is free from this difficulty. Fur thermore, Maki and one of the present authors (T.M.) have shown2l that, in the latter case, the strong interaction must be chiral SU ( 4) X SU ( 4) invariant as precisely as the conservation of the third component of the iso-spin 13 • In addi tion to these arguments, for the theory to be realistic, CP-violating interactions should be incorporated in a gauge invariant way. This requirement will impose further limitations on the hadron model and the CP-violating interaction itself. The purpose of the present paper is to investigate this problem. In the following, it will be shown that in the case of the above-mentioned quartet model, we cannot make a CP-violating interaction without introducing any other new fields when we require the following conditions: a) The mass of the fourth member of the quartet, which we will call (, is sufficiently large, b) the model should be con sistent with our well-established knowledge of the semi-leptonic processes. After that some possible ways of bringing CP-violation into the theory will be discussed. We consider the quartet model with a charge assignment of Q, Q -1, Q -1 and Q for p, n, A. and (, respectively, and we take the same underlying gauge group SUweak (2) X SU(1) and the scalar doublet field cp as those of Weinberg's original model.1l Then, hadronic parts of the Lagrangian can be devided in the following way:
5,389 citations
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5,265 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the weak and electromagnetic interactions of leptons are examined under the hypothesis that the weak interactions are mediated by vector bosons, and it is shown that the simplest partially-symmetric model reproducing the observed electromagnetic and weak interactions requires the existence of at least four vector-boson fields (including the photon).
4,387 citations