Supervision by Objectives
01 Mar 1973-Journal of health,physical education and recreation (Taylor & Francis Group)-Vol. 44, Iss: 3, pp 27-28
About: This article is published in Journal of health,physical education and recreation.The article was published on 1973-03-01. It has received 3 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Accountability.
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TL;DR: This article found that although the outcomes of group decisions may have been found to be effective, the processes leading to them appear to be less than effective, and that participation in decision making tends to increase commitment to the decision made.
Abstract: As group decision making becomes more popular as a vehicle for making decisions in organizations, the lack of knowledge about effective and efficient decision practices becomes increasingly apparent. Literature in small group behavior suggests that although groups are less efficient than individuals in making decisions, they are often more effective (Hare, 1976; Vroom and Yetton, 1973). In addition, participation in decision making tends to increase commitment to the decision made (Granvold, 1978; Kadushin, 1976). Consequently it may be reasonable to assume that cooperative decision making will continue to increase as a pivotal factor in the functioning of most organizations. While the outcomes of group decisions may have been found to be effective, the processes leading to them appear to be less than
27 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was found that accounting-based personnel work evaluation led to incentive system instability, goal displacement, and ultimate diffusion and disintegration of the management system intervention effort.
Abstract: Writing in Policy Sciences in 1977, Birnberg and Gandhi analyzed the contribution of accounting to evaluation, concluding that while accounting might be appropriate and valuable in public administrative evaluation it was of limited applicability to social program evaluation Since 1977 numerous efforts have been made to apply accounting procedures to personnel work evaluation in the public sector Two of the largest attempts, statewide efforts in North Carolina and Florida in the late 1970s, are analyzed in the present essay It is found that accounting-based personnel work evaluation led to incentive system instability, goal displacement, and ultimate diffusion and disintegration of the management system intervention effort It is concluded that premises intrinsic to the accounting orientation to organizational dynamics render the utility of this approach to personnel work evaluation far more limited than indicated by Birnberg and Gandhi
3 citations
Cites background from "Supervision by Objectives"
...Granvold (1978) is one of many seeking to apply MBO to new levels of administration in the public sector....
[...]
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a group decision-making index to study the group decision making of the Self-help groups and quantitatively measure how different groups vary in their group decisionmaking ability, and the validity of the instrument was computed through Item-Content Validity Index (I-CVI) method.
Abstract: Group decision-making is a participatory process in which multiple individuals collectively perform situation analysis, think of alternative courses of action, and select the best alternative to solve the problem. Similarly, in the context of Self-help groups, group decision-making is a necessary process. However, decisions made collectively tend to be more effective than decisions made by a single individual. Still, group members face various constraints while group decision making like social pressure toward conformity, individual domination, conflicting secondary goals, undesirable compromises, ambiguous responsibility, and time. Most studies suggest that SHG members perceived problems faced during group decision-making as a significant constraint. Considering a shortage of empirical research indicating the exact reason for group failures, what makes a group successful, and the factors that lead to ineffective group decision-making, the study aimed at systematically and scientifically developing a group decision-making index to study the group decision-making of the Self-help groups, various factors affecting the group decision-making process, and quantitatively measuring how different groups vary in their group decision-making ability, Thus, an instrument was developed using a two-step method, i.e., instrument designing and judgmental evidence. After that, the validity of the instrument was computed through Item-Content Validity Index (I-CVI) method. Finally, it was narrowed down to 48 statements distributed among ten indicators. The reliability coefficient of the tool was found to be 0.80. Thus, it was found that the group decision-making indexes had appropriate content validity and internal consistency to measure and quantify the group decision-making process of selected Self-help Groups. The study recommends the use of the developed index for studying the root cause of ineffectiveness in group decision-making in various Self-help groups, which will help in the formulation of strategy for overcoming the constraints related to group decision-making as reported by various SHGs.
3 citations
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TL;DR: This article found that although the outcomes of group decisions may have been found to be effective, the processes leading to them appear to be less than effective, and that participation in decision making tends to increase commitment to the decision made.
Abstract: As group decision making becomes more popular as a vehicle for making decisions in organizations, the lack of knowledge about effective and efficient decision practices becomes increasingly apparent. Literature in small group behavior suggests that although groups are less efficient than individuals in making decisions, they are often more effective (Hare, 1976; Vroom and Yetton, 1973). In addition, participation in decision making tends to increase commitment to the decision made (Granvold, 1978; Kadushin, 1976). Consequently it may be reasonable to assume that cooperative decision making will continue to increase as a pivotal factor in the functioning of most organizations. While the outcomes of group decisions may have been found to be effective, the processes leading to them appear to be less than
27 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was found that accounting-based personnel work evaluation led to incentive system instability, goal displacement, and ultimate diffusion and disintegration of the management system intervention effort.
Abstract: Writing in Policy Sciences in 1977, Birnberg and Gandhi analyzed the contribution of accounting to evaluation, concluding that while accounting might be appropriate and valuable in public administrative evaluation it was of limited applicability to social program evaluation Since 1977 numerous efforts have been made to apply accounting procedures to personnel work evaluation in the public sector Two of the largest attempts, statewide efforts in North Carolina and Florida in the late 1970s, are analyzed in the present essay It is found that accounting-based personnel work evaluation led to incentive system instability, goal displacement, and ultimate diffusion and disintegration of the management system intervention effort It is concluded that premises intrinsic to the accounting orientation to organizational dynamics render the utility of this approach to personnel work evaluation far more limited than indicated by Birnberg and Gandhi
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a group decision-making index to study the group decision making of the Self-help groups and quantitatively measure how different groups vary in their group decisionmaking ability, and the validity of the instrument was computed through Item-Content Validity Index (I-CVI) method.
Abstract: Group decision-making is a participatory process in which multiple individuals collectively perform situation analysis, think of alternative courses of action, and select the best alternative to solve the problem. Similarly, in the context of Self-help groups, group decision-making is a necessary process. However, decisions made collectively tend to be more effective than decisions made by a single individual. Still, group members face various constraints while group decision making like social pressure toward conformity, individual domination, conflicting secondary goals, undesirable compromises, ambiguous responsibility, and time. Most studies suggest that SHG members perceived problems faced during group decision-making as a significant constraint. Considering a shortage of empirical research indicating the exact reason for group failures, what makes a group successful, and the factors that lead to ineffective group decision-making, the study aimed at systematically and scientifically developing a group decision-making index to study the group decision-making of the Self-help groups, various factors affecting the group decision-making process, and quantitatively measuring how different groups vary in their group decision-making ability, Thus, an instrument was developed using a two-step method, i.e., instrument designing and judgmental evidence. After that, the validity of the instrument was computed through Item-Content Validity Index (I-CVI) method. Finally, it was narrowed down to 48 statements distributed among ten indicators. The reliability coefficient of the tool was found to be 0.80. Thus, it was found that the group decision-making indexes had appropriate content validity and internal consistency to measure and quantify the group decision-making process of selected Self-help Groups. The study recommends the use of the developed index for studying the root cause of ineffectiveness in group decision-making in various Self-help groups, which will help in the formulation of strategy for overcoming the constraints related to group decision-making as reported by various SHGs.
3 citations