Suppressing electromagnetic interference in direct current converters
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an overview on the state of the art of traditional EMI suppression technologies, and introduce the use of chaos theory and chaos control to reduce EMI, as well as to motivate more efforts in theoretical research and engineering practice.
Abstract: Since James Clerk Maxwell established the electromagnetic field theory in 1865, multifarious electrical and electronic products have been invented, designed, produced, and widely deployed, such as wireless communication devices, electrical machines and motors. This has profoundly changed our world and our lives. Now we cannot live without electrical products anymore and, thus, we are surrounded with electromagnetic fields generated. On the other side, especially in the past few decades, the rapid development and wide deployment of electrical products have caused lots of troubles, among which the most prominent one is electromagnetic interference (EMI), which may impact other devices' performance and harm human beings' health. Therefore, fighting EMI has become a stringent, difficult problem faced by engineers and scientists. The sources of EMI include natural sources, like atmospheric charge/discharge phenomena and extraterrestrial radiation, and man-made sources, like power lines, auto ignition, radio frequency interference, and radiation hazards, to name just a few. As important components, direct current (DC-DC) converters are embedded and employed in various electrical devices, thus forming main sources of EMI. Some measures, such as filters and electromagnetic shielding, have been taken to suppress EMI, but these methods have various drawbacks with respect to cost, volume, weight, and efficiency. Therefore, new theories and methodologies are desired to cope with the EMI problem, and chaos theory is a candidate due to the continuous spectrum feature of chaos. This paper aims to provide an overview on the state of the art of traditional EMI suppression technologies, and to introduce the use of chaos theory and chaos control to reduce EMI, as well as to motivate more efforts in theoretical research and engineering practice.
Citations
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References
More filters
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that nonperiodic solutions are ordinarily unstable with respect to small modifications, so that slightly differing initial states can evolve into considerably different states, and systems with bounded solutions are shown to possess bounded numerical solutions.
Abstract: Finite systems of deterministic ordinary nonlinear differential equations may be designed to represent forced dissipative hydrodynamic flow. Solutions of these equations can be identified with trajectories in phase space For those systems with bounded solutions, it is found that nonperiodic solutions are ordinarily unstable with respect to small modifications, so that slightly differing initial states can evolve into considerably different states. Systems with bounded solutions are shown to possess bounded numerical solutions.
16,554 citations
"Suppressing electromagnetic interfe..." refers background in this paper
...Since Li and Yorke’s seminal paper of 1975 [39] and the equally influential work of Lorenz in 1963 [ 40 ], chaos has matured as a science (indeed, is still evolving) and has provided many deep insights into previously intractable and inherently nonlinear natural phenomena [25]....
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TL;DR: In this article, a generalized logistic equation was used to model the distribution of points of impact on a spinning bit for oil well drilling, as mentioned if this distribution is helpful in predicting uneven wear of the bit.
Abstract: The way phenomena or processes evolve or change in time is often described by differential equations or difference equations. One of the simplest mathematical situations occurs when the phenomenon can be described by a single number as, for example, when the number of children susceptible to some disease at the beginning of a school year can be estimated purely as a function of the number for the previous year. That is, when the number x n+1, at the beginning of the n + 1st year (or time period) can be written
$${x_{n + 1}} = F({x_n}),$$
(1.1)
where F maps an interval J into itself. Of course such a model for the year by year progress of the disease would be very simplistic and would contain only a shadow of the more complicated phenomena. For other phenomena this model might be more accurate. This equation has been used successfully to model the distribution of points of impact on a spinning bit for oil well drilling, as mentioned if [8, 11] knowing this distribution is helpful in predicting uneven wear of the bit. For another example, if a population of insects has discrete generations, the size of the n + 1st generation will be a function of the nth. A reasonable model would then be a generalized logistic equation
$${x_{n + 1}} = r{x_n}[1 - {x_n}/K].$$
(1.2)
3,278 citations
"Suppressing electromagnetic interfe..." refers background in this paper
...Since Li and Yorke’s seminal paper of 1975 [39] and the equally influential work of Lorenz in 1963 [40], chaos has matured as a science (indeed, is still evolving) and has provided many deep insights into previously intractable and inherently nonlinear natural phenomena [25]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a new zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) bidirectional dc-dc converter is proposed for medium and high power applications especially for auxiliary power supply in fuel cell vehicles and power generation where the high power density, low cost, lightweight and high reliability power converters are required.
Abstract: This paper presents a new zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) bidirectional dc-dc converter. Compared to the traditional full and half bridge bidirectional dc-dc converters for the similar applications, the new topology has the advantages of simple circuit topology with no total device rating (TDR) penalty, soft-switching implementation without additional devices, high efficiency and simple control. These advantages make the new converter promising for medium and high power applications especially for auxiliary power supply in fuel cell vehicles and power generation where the high power density, low cost, lightweight and high reliability power converters are required. The operating principle, theoretical analysis, and design guidelines are provided in this paper. The simulation and the experimental verifications are also presented.
684 citations
"Suppressing electromagnetic interfe..." refers methods in this paper
...More recently, DC-DC converters are applied in new technologies, such as hybrid electric and fuel cell automobiles [23, 27, 46 ], renewable energy applications [38], mobile communication devices [14, 43], traveling wave tube amplifiers (TWTA), telecommunication satellites [4], or deep-space applications [16]....
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TL;DR: In this article, two different topologies for the implementation of an isolated DC-DC converter operating with a high output voltage and supplied by an unregulated low input voltage are presented, and the experimental results obtained from two prototypes, implemented following the design procedures developed, are presented.
Abstract: Two alternatives for the implementation of an isolated DC-DC converter operating with a high output voltage and supplied by an unregulated low input voltage are presented in this paper. The proposed topologies are especially qualified for the implementation of travelling wave tube amplifiers (TWTA) utilized in telecommunication satellite applications due to their low mass and volume and their high-efficiency. The converters studied follow different principles and the main operational aspects of each topology are analyzed. A two-stage structure composed by a regulator connected in series with a ZVS/ZCS isolated DC-DC converter is the first topology proposed. The second topology studied is an isolated single-stage converter that continues being highly efficient even with a large input voltage variation. The experimental results obtained from two prototypes, implemented following the design procedures developed, are presented, verifying experimentally the characteristics and the analysis of the proposed structures. The prototypes are developed for an application requiring an output power of 150 W, a total output voltage of 3.2 kV and an input voltage varying from 26 V to 44 V. The minimum efficiency obtained for both converters operating at the nominal output power, is equal to 93.4% for the two-stage structure and equal to 94.1% for the single-stage converter.
154 citations
"Suppressing electromagnetic interfe..." refers background in this paper
...More recently, DC-DC converters are applied in new technologies, such as hybrid electric and fuel cell automobiles [23, 27, 46], renewable energy applications [38], mobile communication devices [14, 43], traveling wave tube amplifiers (TWTA), telecommunication satellites [4], or deep-space applications [16]....
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