Surface Modification Strategies for Fabrication of Nano-biodevices: A Critical Review
27 Jun 2016-Vol. 4, Iss: 2, pp 166-191
TL;DR: A summary of the technological achievements in the area of nano-biodevices and an overview of the various surface modification strategies carried out can be found in this paper, where various methods to modify surfaces suitably for realizing bioactive surfaces have emerged due to combined research in nanotechnology and molecular biology areas.
Abstract: Recent advances in the field of nanotechnology have led to a considerable progress in the domain of engineered molecular interactions which has resulted in the emergence of nano-biodevices. Various methods to modify surfaces suitably for realizing bioactive surfaces have emerged due to combined research in nanotechnology and molecular biology areas. This article presents a summary of the several technological achievements in the area of nano-biodevices and provides an overview of the various surface modification strategies carried out. The different strategies related to covalent and non-covalent immobilization of biomolecules have also been addressed to understand the efficacy of a substrate surface used in nano-biodevices.
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TL;DR: Time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy measurements supported by polarized infrared spectroscopy verified that the orientation (and thus coverage and functionality) of proteins on surfaces can be controlled by strategic placement of a His6-tag on the protein.
Abstract: We report oriented immobilization of proteins using the standard hexahistidine (His6)-Ni2+:NTA (nitrilotriacetic acid) methodology, which we systematically tuned to give control of surface coverage. Fluorescence microscopy and surface plasmon resonance measurements of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of red fluorescent proteins (TagRFP) showed that binding strength increased by 1 order of magnitude for each additional His6-tag on the TagRFP proteins. All TagRFP variants with His6-tags located on only one side of the barrel-shaped protein yielded a 1.5 times higher surface coverage compared to variants with His6-tags on opposite sides of the so-called β-barrel. Time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy measurements supported by polarized infrared spectroscopy verified that the orientation (and thus coverage and functionality) of proteins on surfaces can be controlled by strategic placement of a His6-tag on the protein. Molecular dynamics simulations show how the differently tagged proteins reside at the surfac...
40 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the recent applications of vapor-phase deposition methods such as initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD), PE-CVD, and atomic layer deposition (ALD) for the encapsulation of active pharmaceutical drugs are reported.
Abstract: Vapor-phase deposition methods allow the synthesis and engineering of organic and inorganic thin films, with high control on the chemical composition, physical properties, and conformality. In this review, the recent applications of vapor-phase deposition methods such as initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD), plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PE-CVD), and atomic layer deposition (ALD), for the encapsulation of active pharmaceutical drugs are reported. The strategies and emergent routes for the application of vapor-deposited thin films on the drug controlled release and for the engineering of advanced release nanostructured devices are presented.
23 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss how interfacial water affects the protein and cell resistance of various bioinert self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and discuss the potential to apply the findings to design new biomaterials.
Abstract: For a long time, water has been speculated to play an essential role in the interactions of proteins and cells with artificial biocompatible materials. The current question is how water molecules at the interfaces affect the adsorption of proteins and the adhesion of cells. To answer this question, we introduce recent works that investigated the interfacial behavior of water near self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) by different types of analytical techniques. By combining these findings, we discuss how interfacial water affects the protein and cell resistance of various bioinert SAMs. Recent works revealed that protein and cell resistance of bioinert self-assembled monolayers originates in the physical barrier of the interfacial water. We review the history of the previous works that attempted to clarify the underlying mechanism and discuss prospects to apply the findings to design new biomaterials.
19 citations
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: This chapter provides an insight into the basics of various drug delivery devices, their principles, description of various components used in the micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) device manufacturing, along with the state-of-the-art review of existing MEMS-based drug Delivery devices.
Abstract: Safe delivery of drugs inside living organism is always a great challenge. Drug intake below and above prescribed limits may cause unseen and severe health problems. In addition to the amount of dose, another critical issue is to deliver drugs inside the body. Preferable drug delivery modes are oral, inhalation, nasal, rectal routes, or via injection. Further, there are situations when a drug has to be released over a specific duration in a controlled mode. In order to have scientific solutions to the problems and challenges faced, researchers have come up with various drug delivery devices. This field has resorted to various micro-fabrication techniques and fluidic principles coupled with the assistance of electrical and mechanical engineering knowledge. It has observed a series of developments in device optimization. These devices have been developed for real-time monitoring and measurement of drug delivery and thus may have several components (micro-pump, micro-needles, microfluidic channels, micro-sensors, essential electronic circuits, and so on). Keeping up with the vast development in the field of drug delivery devices, this chapter provides an insight into the basics of various drug delivery devices, their principles, description of various components used in the micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) device manufacturing, along with the state-of-the-art review of existing MEMS-based drug delivery devices.
10 citations
31 May 2018
TL;DR: This work functionalizes an interfacial protein, BslA, with peptides that spontaneously react with their cognate protein partners (SpyTag and SnoopTag) to create patterned surfaces of protein monolayers displaying reactive tags and demonstrates that these surfaces can be functionalized rapidly, spontaneously, and specifically with proteins of interest attached to SpyCatcher or SnoopCatcher.
Abstract: Immobilization of enzymes and other biomolecules to surfaces is critically important for biotechnology, with important applications in sensing and controlled delivery of molecular species for analytical or biomedical purposes. The presentation of protein recognition elements in a way that avoids denaturation and nonspecific interactions while maintaining the accessibility of the active site is a challenge for which no general solution has been found. Here we present a robust, facile method for immobilization of any protein to a surface using engineered protein building blocks. By functionalizing an interfacial protein, BslA, with peptides (SpyTag and SnoopTag) that spontaneously react with their cognate protein partners (SpyCatcher and SnoopCatcher), we are able to create patterned surfaces of protein monolayers displaying reactive tags. We demonstrate that these surfaces can be functionalized rapidly, spontaneously, and specifically with proteins of interest attached to SpyCatcher or SnoopCatcher. This m...
9 citations
References
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TL;DR: Monolayers of alkanethiolates on gold are probably the most studied SAMs to date and offer the needed design flexibility, both at the individual molecular and at the material levels, and offer a vehicle for investigation of specific interactions at interfaces, and of the effect of increasing molecular complexity on the structure and stability of two-dimensional assemblies.
Abstract: The field of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) has witnessed tremendous growth in synthetic sophistication and depth of characterization over the past 15 years.1 However, it is interesting to comment on the modest beginning and on important milestones. The field really began much earlier than is now recognized. In 1946 Zisman published the preparation of a monomolecular layer by adsorption (self-assembly) of a surfactant onto a clean metal surface.2 At that time, the potential of self-assembly was not recognized, and this publication initiated only a limited level of interest. Early work initiated in Kuhn’s laboratory at Gottingen, applying many years of experience in using chlorosilane derivative to hydrophobize glass, was followed by the more recent discovery, when Nuzzo and Allara showed that SAMs of alkanethiolates on gold can be prepared by adsorption of di-n-alkyl disulfides from dilute solutions.3 Getting away from the moisture-sensitive alkyl trichlorosilanes, as well as working with crystalline gold surfaces, were two important reasons for the success of these SAMs. Many self-assembly systems have since been investigated, but monolayers of alkanethiolates on gold are probably the most studied SAMs to date. The formation of monolayers by self-assembly of surfactant molecules at surfaces is one example of the general phenomena of self-assembly. In nature, self-assembly results in supermolecular hierarchical organizations of interlocking components that provides very complex systems.4 SAMs offer unique opportunities to increase fundamental understanding of self-organization, structure-property relationships, and interfacial phenomena. The ability to tailor both head and tail groups of the constituent molecules makes SAMs excellent systems for a more fundamental understanding of phenomena affected by competing intermolecular, molecular-substrates and molecule-solvent interactions like ordering and growth, wetting, adhesion, lubrication, and corrosion. That SAMs are well-defined and accessible makes them good model systems for studies of physical chemistry and statistical physics in two dimensions, and the crossover to three dimensions. SAMs provide the needed design flexibility, both at the individual molecular and at the material levels, and offer a vehicle for investigation of specific interactions at interfaces, and of the effect of increasing molecular complexity on the structure and stability of two-dimensional assemblies. These studies may eventually produce the design capabilities needed for assemblies of three-dimensional structures.5 However, this will require studies of more complex systems and the combination of what has been learned from SAMs with macromolecular science. The exponential growth in SAM research is a demonstration of the changes chemistry as a disciAbraham Ulman was born in Haifa, Israel, in 1946. He studied chemistry in the Bar-Ilan University in Ramat-Gan, Israel, and received his B.Sc. in 1969. He received his M.Sc. in phosphorus chemistry from Bar-Ilan University in 1971. After a brief period in industry, he moved to the Weizmann Institute in Rehovot, Israel, and received his Ph.D. in 1978 for work on heterosubstituted porphyrins. He then spent two years at Northwestern University in Evanston, IL, where his main interest was onedimensional organic conductors. In 1985 he joined the Corporate Research Laboratories of Eastman Kodak Company, in Rochester, NY, where his research interests were molecular design of materials for nonlinear optics and self-assembled monolayers. In 1994 he moved to Polytechnic University where he is the Alstadt-Lord-Mark Professor of Chemistry. His interests encompass self-assembled monolayers, surface engineering, polymers at interface, and surfaces phenomena. 1533 Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 1533−1554
7,465 citations
TL;DR: Probing the various interfaces of nanoparticle/biological interfaces allows the development of predictive relationships between structure and activity that are determined by nanomaterial properties such as size, shape, surface chemistry, roughness and surface coatings.
Abstract: Rapid growth in nanotechnology is increasing the likelihood of engineered nanomaterials coming into contact with humans and the environment. Nanoparticles interacting with proteins, membranes, cells, DNA and organelles establish a series of nanoparticle/biological interfaces that depend on colloidal forces as well as dynamic biophysicochemical interactions. These interactions lead to the formation of protein coronas, particle wrapping, intracellular uptake and biocatalytic processes that could have biocompatible or bioadverse outcomes. For their part, the biomolecules may induce phase transformations, free energy releases, restructuring and dissolution at the nanomaterial surface. Probing these various interfaces allows the development of predictive relationships between structure and activity that are determined by nanomaterial properties such as size, shape, surface chemistry, roughness and surface coatings. This knowledge is important from the perspective of safe use of nanomaterials.
6,075 citations
Book•
11 Oct 1996
TL;DR: A. Ratner, Biomaterials Science: An Interdisciplinary Endeavor, Materials Science and Engineering--Properties of Materials: J.E. Schoen, and R.J.Ratner, Surface Properties of Materials, and Application of Materials in Medicine and Dentistry.
Abstract: B.D. Ratner, Biomaterials Science: An Interdisciplinary Endeavor. Materials Science and Engineering--Properties of Materials: J.E. Lemons, Introduction. F.W. Cooke, Bulk Properties of Materials. B.D. Ratner, Surface Properties of Materials. Classes of Materials Used in Medicine: A.S. Hoffman, Introduction. J.B. Brunski, Metals. S.A. Visser, R.W. Hergenrother, and S.L. Cooper, Polymers. N.A. Peppas, Hydrogels. J. Kohnand R. Langer, Bioresorbable and Bioerodible Materials. L.L. Hench, Ceramics, Glasses, and Glass Ceramics. I.V. Yannas, Natural Materials. H. Alexander, Composites. B.D. Ratner and A.S. Hoffman, Thin Films, Grafts, and Coatings. S.W. Shalaby, Fabrics. A.S. Hoffman, Biologically Functional Materials. Biology, Biochemistry, and Medicine--Some Background Concepts: B.D. Ratner, Introduction. T.A. Horbett, Proteins: Structure, Properties, and Adsorption to Surfaces. J.M. Schakenraad, Cells: Their Surfaces and Interactions with Materials. F.J. Schoen, Tissues. Host Reactions to Biomaterials and Their Evaluations: F.J. Schoen, Introduction. J.M. Anderson, Inflammation, Wound Healing, and the Foreign Body Response. R.J. Johnson, Immunology and the Complement System. K. Merritt, Systemic Toxicity and Hypersensitivity. S.R. Hanson and L.A. Harker, Blood Coagulation and Blood-Materials Interaction. F.J.Schoen, Tumorigenesis and Biomaterials. A.G. Gristina and P.T. Naylor, Implant-Associated Infection. Testing Biomaterials: B.D. Ratner, Introduction. S.J. Northup, In Vitro Assessment of Tissue Compatibility. M. Spector and P.A. Lalor, In Vivo Assessment of Tissue Compatibility. S. Hanson and B.D. Ratner, Testing of Blood-Material Interactions. B.H. Vale, J.E. Willson, and S.M. Niemi, Animal Models. Degradation of Materials in the Biological Environment: B.D. Ratner, Introduction. A.J. Coury, Chemical and Biochemical Degradation of Polymers. D.F. Williams and R.L. Williams, Degradative Effects of the Biological Environment on Metals and Ceramics. C.R. McMillin, Mechanical Breakdown in the Biological Environment. Y. Pathak, F.J. Schoen, and R.J. Levy, Pathologic Calcification of Biomaterials. Application of Materials in Medicine and Dentistry: J.E. Lemons, Introduction. D. Didisheim and J.T. Watson, Cardiovascular Applications. S.W. Kim, Nonthrombogenic Treatments and Strategies. J.E. Lemons, Dental Implants. D.C. Smith, Adhesives and Sealants. M.F. Refojo, Ophthalmologic Applications. J.L. Katz, Orthopedic Applications. J. Heller, Drug Delivery Systems. D. Goupil, Sutures. J.B. Kane, R.G. Tompkins, M.L. Yarmush, and J.F. Burke, Burn Dressings. L.S. Robblee and J.D. Sweeney, Bioelectrodes. P. Yager, Biomedical Sensors and Biosensors. Artificial Organs: F.J. Schoen, Introduction. K.D. Murray and D.B. Olsen, Implantable Pneumatic Artificial Hearts. P. Malchesky, Extracorporeal Artificial Organs. Practical Aspects of Biomaterials--Implants and Devices: F.J. Schoen, Introduction. J.B. Kowalski and R.F. Morrissey, Sterilization of Implants. L.M. Graham, D. Whittlesey, and B. Bevacqua, Cardiovascular Implantation. A.N. Cranin, M. Klein, and A. Sirakian, Dental Implantation. S.A. Obstbaum, Ophthalmic Implantation. A.E. Hoffman, Implant and Device Failure. B.D. Ratner, Correlations of Material Surface Properties with Biological Responses. J.M. Anderson, Implant Retrieval and Evaluation. New Products and Standards: J.E. Lemons, Introduction. S.A. Brown, Voluntary Consensus Standards. N.B. Mateo, Product Development and Regulation. B. Ratner, Perspectives and Possibilities in Biomaterials Science. Appendix: S. Slack, Properties of Biological Fluids. Subject Index.
4,194 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the structural phases and the growth of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are reviewed from a surface science perspective, with emphasis on simple model systems, and a summary of the techniques used for the study of SAMs is given.
2,374 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of the IR data using numerical simulations based on an average single chain model suggests that the alkyl chains in monolayers on silver are all-trans zig-zag and canted by - 12' from the normal to the surface.
Abstract: Long-chain alkanethiols, HS(CH2),CH3, adsorb from solution onto.the surfaces of gold, silver, and copper and form monolayers. Reflection infrared spectroscopy indicates that monolayers on silver and on copper (when carefully prepared) have the chains in well-defined molecular orientations and in crystalline-like phase states, as has been observed on gold. Monolayers on silver are structurally related to those formed by adsorption on gold, but different in details of orientation. The monolayers formed on copper are structurally more complex and show a pronounced sensitivity to the details of the sample preparation. Quantitative analysis of the IR data using numerical simulations based on an average single chain model suggests that the alkyl chains in monolayers on silver are all-trans zig-zag and canted by - 12' from the normal to the surface. The analysis also suggests a twist of the plane containing the carbon backbone of -45' from the plane defined by the tilt and surface normal vectors. For comparison, the monolayers that form on adsorption of alkanethiols on gold surfaces, as judged by their vibrational spectra, are also trans zig-zag extended but, when interpreted in the context of the same single chain model, have a cant angle of -27O and a twist of the plane of the carbon backbone of -53'. The monolayers formed on copper (when they are obtained in high quality) exhibit infrared spectra effectively indistinguishable from those on silver and thus appear to have the same structure. Films on copper are also commonly obtained that are structurally ill-defined and appear to contain significant densities of gauche conformations. These spectroscopically based interpretations are compatible with inferences from wetting and XPS measurements. The structure of the substrate-sulfur interface appears to control molecular orientations of the alkyl groups in these films. An improved structural model, incorporating a two-chain unit cell and allowing for the temperature-dependent population of gauche conformations, is presented and applied to the specific case of the structures formed on gold.
1,920 citations